application service provider (ASP), 91, 390, 406–7,
557, 562
defined, 406
service level agreement, 407
applications software, 102–3, 35–41
B2B (business-to-business), 260–2
B2C (business-to-consumer), 262–8
classification of, 103
defined, 35
departmental, 384
desktop publishing, 40
disposable applications, 103–4
electronic mail, 39
geographical information systems (GIS), 271
groupware, 39
independence of, 102–3
localvs.shared, 537, 549
office suites, 39–40
personal productivity software, 38–41
project scheduling software, 41
security products, 40–1
spreadsheets, 39
user-developed, 385
World Wide Web browsers, 40
aQuantive, Inc., 56
ArcGIS Business Analyst, 230
Archetype Solutions, Inc. (ASI), 266
archiving, 546
ArcLogistics Route, 231
Arco, 244
Ardexus Mode, 206
Ariba, Inc., 218, 261
arithmetic/logical unit, 23
Arizona State University, 246
ARPANET, 80, 254
artificial intelligence (AI), 241, 591
defined, 241
evolutionary design, 241
expert systems, 241, 243
genetic programming, 241
natural languages, 241
neural networks, 241
perceptive systems, 241
shell, 242
ASAP system, American Hospital Supply, 197
Asbestos Advisor, 243
Ascendant Technology, 216
As-Is model, 343, 344
assembler, 43
assembly languages, 43
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 577
Code of Ethics and Professional Practice, with
IEEE, 577
692 Index
asynchronous multi-master database replication (AMMR), 164
AT&T. SeeAmerican Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T)
attitudes and IS use, measurement of, 521–2
audit trail, 358
auditing roles, 357–8, 568
authentication, 357
Author Solutions, 206
authorization, 357
Autodesk, 233
automated guided vehicles (AGVs), 217
Automatic Data Processing (ADP), 195
automatic teller machine (ATM), 20
Avad Technologies, 84
Avaya, 84, 90, 206backbone networks, 60, 76–7
back-end analysis tools, 378
BackRub, 271
backup plan, 357–8
Baidu, 273
balanced scorecard, 554
Ball Memorial Hospital, 215
bandwidth, 64
Bank Secrecy Act of 1970, 569
bar code label, 21
Barnes and Noble, 587
baseband coax, 66
Basel II, 106, 354, 358
BASIC (Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction
Code), 46
BAT – SeeBritish American Tobacco
batch processing, 191–2
baud, 64
Baxter Manufacturing Company (BCI), make-or-buy
decision at, 442–8
Baxter Manufacturing Company, systems support for
a new plant in Mexico, 517, 642–6
Bayspire, Inc., 210
B2B (business-to-business) applications, 260–2
Alibaba, 274
dominant players in, 261
Internet usage statistics, 262
reverse auctions, 260
transactions, 255
B2C (business-to-consumer) applications, 262–8
benefits of, potential, 263
catalog retailers, 265–6
dot-com retailers, 263–5
multichannel advantage of, 268
social media platform, 274–5
traditional store retailers, 266–7
Bell Atlantic, 90
Bell Laboratories, 42