private branch exchange (PBX), 65
procedural languages. Seethird generation languages
procedural-oriented techniques, 341–3
processor. Seecentral processing unit (CPU)
processor chips, 26
process modeling. See alsobusiness processes,
business process reengineering (BPR), and
information systems (IS) development
processes and techniques
work process flow diagram, 344
processing, 345
batch, 191–2
data management, 106–10
distributed data, 62
online, 191–2
online analytical, 226
simplified batch, 191
Procter & Gamble, 228, 229
product lifecycle management (PLM), 201
productivity languages. Seefourth generation
languages
program, computer, 25
program, defined, 411
program management office (PMO), 410, 411
programmer, 27
Progress ObjectStore, 53
project charter, 415
project “kickoff” event, 421
Project Kickstart Pro, 41
Project Management Body of Knowledge
(PMBOK), 410
Project Management Institute (PMI), 410
certifications, processes included in, 414
knowledge areas, 411
project management, IT projects, 410–30
budget, 417–18, 422
complex projects, 426–7
defined, 411
project champion, 413–14
project close-out process, 426
project control, 420–2
project execution, 420–2
project initiation phase, 415–16
project phases, 414–23
project planning process, 416–26
roles within, 412–14
of virtual teams, 428–9
project management office (PMO), 549
project management skills, 551
project manager, 370, 400, 412–13
non-technical skills, 413
project milestone, 417
project office. Seeprogram management office (PMO)
710 Index
project plan, 421
project planning process, 416–26
budgeting project, 417–18
change management, 424–6
control of project, 420–2
document planning, 420–1
execution of project, 420–2
project risks, management of, 422–4
Request for Change Form, 423
scheduling of project, 416–17
staffing for project, 418–19
project portfolio, 411–2, 533
project prioritization, 411–2. See alsoinformation
systems (IS) planning, project management
project risks, management of, 422–4
avoidance strategies, 424
mitigation strategies, 424
risk management tasks, 424
project scheduling, 416–17
project scheduling software, 41
project sponsor, 413–14
project teams, 413, 418–20, 427–9. See alsoproject
management, virtual teams
for purchasing, 400
mixed on-site-offshore sourcing, 428
Prolog, 242
proprietary software, 42, 400
prototyping process, 373–7
evolutionary development, 373
first-of-a-series prototype, 373
iterative steps of, 374
prototyping life cycle, 374
SDLC with, 376
steps for, 373–4
Public Affairs, 10, 177, 589
pull technology, 40
purchase order (PO), 346, 347
purchased software packages, 36, 390–408. See also
methodologies for acquiring systems
advantages of, 402
alpha site, 393
application service providers (ASPs), 406–7
beta site, 393
building vs.costs of, 393
disadvantages of, 402–3
enterprise system packages, 403–5
make-or-buy decision, 391
management of, 401–2
open source software, 405–6
project team for, 400
purchasing and implementing at Jefferson County
School System, 506–15
purchasing steps, 354, 391–403