reality principlereality principle n
(in speech act theory) the principle that in conversation, people are
expected to talk about things that are real and possible if there is no evidence
to the contrary.
For example, in the following exchange:
A:How are you going to New York?
B:I’m flying.
A understands B to mean that B is travelling by plane and not literally flying
through the air.
see also conversational maxim
realization n realize v
the actual occurrence in speech or writing of an abstract linguistic unit. For
example, the phoneme/i/ as in /big/ big can be realized with more or less
length, e.g. as [i], [ip] or [ipp], where N means “with some length” and NN
means “particularly long”. The last example may be used when someone
wants to put special emphasis on the word big, or to suggest by the duration
of the vowel the size of the “big” thing:
It’s really bíg!
real time n
in classroom observation and classroom research, the actual time during
which an event occurs when the perception or recording of the event occurs
at nearly the same time. It is often difficult to study classroom processes in
real time since multiple events happen at the same time and occur rapidly.
Hence the use of video and other means of observation.
real-time coding n
in classroom observation and classroom research, assigning events to analytic
categories as the events actually happen, as opposed to analyzing them
using audio or video-recorded data.
recall n
the ability to bring an event, idea, word, etc. that is stored in memory into
conscious awareness. In certain memory tests, subjects are asked to recall
(remember)items that were previously encountered, for example in a training
session. Cued recallis when subjects are given hints, for example, Can you
remember words on the list that were related to language?Stimulated recall
is a technique in which learners are asked to recall their thought processes
while viewing or hearing a stimulus such as a video of a language lesson to
prompt their memory.
see also recognition