Medical Surgical Nursing

(Tina Sui) #1

  • May return with catheter, drains, nephrostomy tube and ureteral stent – must maintain


patency and may need to irrigate as ordered



  • Measure drainage from all tubes – need at least 30 cc/hr

  • Watch site for bleeding

  • May need frequent dressing changes due to fluid leakage, or may have collection bag

  • Discharge and prevention

    • Continue to force fluids post discharge

    • May need special diet



  • Stones are analyzed for calcium or other minerals

  • May need to watch products with calcium


Cancer of the Urinary Tract



  • Bladder cancer

  • Kidney tumors


Bladder Cancer



  • Bladder cancer is 4th leading cause of cancer deaths.

  • More common in men than women

  • Cancers arising from the prostate, colon, and rectum in males and from the lower


gynecologic tract in females may metastasize to the bladder


Risk factor for bladder cancer



  • Cigarette smoking: risk increase with number of years and packs smoked

  • Exposure to environmental carcinogens: dyes, rubber, leather, ink, or paint

  • Recurrent or chronic bacterial infection of the urinary tract

  • Bladder stones

  • High urinary pH

  • High cholesterol intake

  • Pelvic radiation therapy

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