Notes to Pages IO-IJ
5· See Padmanabh S. Jaini, 'Sramai.J.as: Their Conflict with Brahmai.J.ical
Society', in J. W. Elder ( ed. ), Chapters in Indian Civilization (Dubuque,
I970), i. 39-8!.- See Digha Nikaya i. I6I-77; Majjhima Nikaya i. 387-92.
7· For the list of six teachers see, e.g. Digha Nikaya i. 5I-9; for the list
of ten see Ailguttara Nikaya iii. 276; cf. A. L. Basham, History and
Doctrines of the Afivikas (London, I95I).
8. See Gavin Flood, An Introduction to Hinduism (Cambridge, I996),
87-90.
9· This question has been discussed by Richard Gombrich; see his
Theravlida Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to
Modern Colombo (London, I988), 6o-86; 'Recovering the Buddha's
Message', in Tadeusz Skorupski (ed.), The Buddhist Forum, I
(I990), 5-20; 'The Buddha's Book of Genesis?', Indo-Iranian Jour-
nal, 35 (I992), I59-78; How Buddhism Began: The ConditionedGenesis of the Early Teachings (London, I996).
IO. Richard Gombrich, 'Dating the Buddha: A Red Herring Revealed',
in Heinz Bechert ( ed. ), The Dating of the Historical Buddha ( Gottingen,
I992), ii. 237-257·
I I. Gananath Obeyesekere, 'Myth, History and Numerology in the
Buddhist Chronicles', in Bechert, The Dating of the Historical
Buddha, i. I52-82.
I2. L. S. Cousins, 'The Dating of the Historical Buddha: A Review
Article', Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 6 (I996), 57-63.
I3. Etienne Lamotte, History of Indian Buddhism from the Origins to
the Saka Era (Louvain, I988), 639.
I4. For a discussion of changing attitudes towards the life of the
Buddha in modern scholarship see Charles Hallisey, 'Roads Taken
and Not Taken in the Study ofTheravada Buddhism', in DonaldS.
Lopez (ed.), Curators of the Buddha: The Study of Buddhism under
Colonialism (Chicago, I995), 3I-6I.
IS. For the Nikayas see especially the Mahlipadlina (Digha Nikaya ii.
I-54), Mahliparinibblina (Digha Nikaya ii. 72-I68), Bhayabherava
(Majjliima Nikaya i. I6-24), Ariyapariyesana (Majjhima Nikaya i.
I60-75) and Mahlisaccaka (Majjhima Nikaya i. 237-5I) Suttas. For
the parallel Chinese materials see Bareau, Recherches sur Ia bio-
graphie du Buddha. The materials in the Pali Nikayas relevant to
the life of the Buddha (excluding the Mahlipadlina Sutta) have been
collated in Nai.J.amoli, The Life of the Buddha (!):andy, I992). See
also the Catu$pari$at Sutra and items by Beal and Rockhill in the
bibliography for this chapter.