obsessive-compulsive, 617–618
treatment of, 619–620
Fear of fear, 269
Federal Drug Administration
(FDA), 212, 666
Feedback loops, 34
in attention-defi cit/
hyperactivity disorder,
664–665, 665f
in bipolar disorders, 226–228,
230–231
brain, emotion, and
temperament, 57–59
in depersonalization disorder,
342–343, 343f
in depressive disorders,
208–209, 215–216, 215f
in dissociative identity
disorder, 347–348
in eating disorders, 460, 461f,
469, 469t
gene-environment, 46–47
in generalized anxiety
disorder, 256–257, 257f,
261, 261f
in learned helplessness, 66–67
learning, brain, and social
factors, 52–53
neuropsychosocial approach
on, 28–29
in obsessive-compulsive
disorder, 306–307, 307f,
309–310, 310f
in panic disorder, 271–273,
272f, 276, 276f
in personality disorders,
577–579, 589, 590f,
597, 598f, 604, 605f,
607–608
in placebo effect, 187
in posttraumatic stress
disorder, 321–322, 322f
in schizophrenia, 553–555,
554f, 563–565, 563f
in sexual dysfunctions,
507–509, 508f,
513–514, 513f
in social phobia, 284–285,
285f, 288, 288f
in somatization disorder,
358–359, 359f
in somatoform disorders,
376, 376f
in specifi c phobias, 294–295,
295f, 297–298, 298f
in substance use disorders,
418, 419f, 420, 430,
431f
in suicide, 239, 240f,
241–242, 243f
in treatment, 111
Feeding and eating disorders, 675
Female orgasmic disorder, 496t,
501, 513
Female sexual arousal disorder,
496t, 510tFemale sexual arousal disorders,
500
Fetal alcohol syndrome, 629
Fetal development
gender identity disorder and,
478
maternal illness/stress and,
543
maternal malnourishment
and, 542–543
in personality disorders, 588
schizophrenia and, 542–543
Fetishism, 483t, 487–489
“Fiesta” drunkenness, 390, 411
Fight-or-fl ight response, 35,
249–251, 250f
in panic disorder, 268–269,
273–274
File drawer problem, 166
Fisher, Carrie, 223
Fixations, 19
Flashbacks, 414
Flat affect, 55, 523
Flight of ideas, 219, 220
Floaters, 365
Fluid intelligence, 683
Fluoxetine, 209, 308, 464
Fluvoxamine, 308
FMRI.See Functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI)
Folie à deux, 529, 531–532,
534t
Follow-up assessment, 179–180,
181
Foster, Jodie, 723
Fragile X syndrome, 282, 629t
Free association, 17, 119
Frese, Fred, 547–548
Freud, Sigmund, 17–19, 19f,
20–21, 24, 118
Freudian slips, 119
Frigidity, 500
Frontal lobe, 36, 36f
in antisocial personality
disorder, 595–596
in autism spectrum disorders,
638
in conversion disorder, 363
in depersonalization disorder,
341
depression and, 58
in dissociative fugue, 339
in dissociative identity
disorder, 346
generalized anxiety disorder
and, 255
in obsessive-compulsive
disorder, 302–303, 303f
in panic disorder, 268
paraphilias and, 491
in posttraumatic stress
disorder, 317
prenatal cocaine exposure
and, 92
in schizophrenia, 542
suicide and, 236
Frotteurism, 483t, 485Fugue.See Dissociative fugue
Functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI), 92, 292° G °
GABA.See Gamma-amino
butyric acid (GABA)
GABAnergic system, 398–399
depressants and, 407
Gabapentin, 228
Galantamine, 711
Galen, 12
Gamma-amino butyric acid
(GABA), 41
in generalized anxiety
disorder, 255
in learned helplessness, 66–67
in specifi c phobias, 292–293
in substance use disorders,
396f, 398–399
Gateway hypothesis, 386–387
Genain quads, 519–520, 523,
525, 531, 534, 536–537,
539, 550, 558–559, 562,
651
Gender
discrimination based on, 64
objectifi cation theory and,
458–460
patient/therapist match in,
186
Gender differences
in anxiety disorders, 250–251
in attention-defi cit/
hyperactivity disorder,
660
in binge drinking, 405
in blood alcohol
concentration, 404, 405f
in borderline personality
disorder, 600
in dangerousness, 730
in depressive disorders,
207–208
in eating disorders, 443, 451,
458–460
in gender identity disorder,
478–479
in panic disorder, 265
in paraphilias, 483
in pedophilia, 486
in personality disorders, 594
in schizophrenia, 537,
545–546
in sexual disorders, 487,
497–498
in specifi c phobias, 293
in substance use disorders,
388–389
in suicide, 238–239
Gender identity disorder,
473–481
defi nition of, 475–477
neurological factors in, 478,
480
psychological factors in,
478–479, 480–481social factors in, 479–480,
481
transvestic fetishism vs., 488,
489t
treatment of, 480–481
Gender roles, 475
depression and, 207
Generalization, 49f
over-, 54t
sampling bias and, 159
Generalized amnesia, 334
Generalized anxiety disorder
(GAD), 252–262
defi nition of, 252–254
diagnostic criteria for, 253t
feedback loops in, 256–257,
257f, 261, 261f
heritability of, 44
neurological factors in,
254–256
psychological factors in, 256,
258–260, 259f
separation anxiety disorder
vs., 673
social factors in, 256, 260
treatment of, 257–262
Generalized social phobia, 279
General paresis, 25–26, 326
General practioners (GPs),
87, 87t
Genes, 43
Genetic factors, 26, 42–45
in alcoholism, 408–410
in Alzheimer’s disease, 707
in antisocial personality
disorder, 596
in attention-defi cit/
hyperactivity disorder,
661–662
in autism spectrum disorders,
638–639
behavioral genetics and,
43–45
in bipolar disorders, 225
in body dysmorphic disorder,
372
in borderline personality
disorder, 603
in conversion disorder, 364
in depressive disorders,
202–203
in dissociative identity
disorder, 346–347
in eating disorders, 450
environment and, 43–44, 45,
46–47
in gender identity disorder,
478
in generalized anxiety
disorder, 255–256
heritability, 44
in hypochondriasis, 368
in learning disorders, 645–646
in mental retardation, 628–629
in obsessive-compulsive
disorder, 304
in panic disorder, 269SI8 SUBJECT INDEX