SI18 SUBJECT INDEX
Substance use, defi nition of, 382
Substance use disorders, 5,
381–433
attention-defi cit/hyperactivity
disorder vs., 658
common liabilities model of,
385–386
comorbidity with, 387–388
cultural factors in, 389–390
defi nition of, 382
depressants in, 404–411
disruptive behavior disorders
and, 663–664
dissociative anesthetics in,
415–416
drug court programs in,
740–741
feedback loops in, 418, 419f,
420, 430, 431f
gateway hypothesis in,
386–387
hallucinogens in, 413–415
narcotic analgesics in, 412–413
neurological factors in, 395–
399, 407–410, 416–417
pedophilia and, 486
personality disorders and,
592
prevalence and costs of,
388–389
psychological factors in,
399–401, 410, 416–417
psychotic symptoms in,
528–529
schizophrenia with, 534–536,
560
social factors in, 402–403,
410–411, 418
stages in, 386
stimulants in, 391–403
substance abuse, 383–389
substance dependence in,
383–389
treatment for, 421–431
use vs. intoxication in, 382
Substantial capacity, 723
Substantia nigra, 708
Subthreshold cases, 446
Subutex, 423
Successive approximation, 126
Suicidal ideation, 232–233
Suicide, 7, 232–243
aging and, 685
borderline personality and,
600
feedback loops in, 239, 240f,
241–242, 243f
neurological factors in, 236,
241
personality disorders and,
570
preventing, 239–243
psychological factors in,
236–237, 241
risk and protective factors for,
234–235, 235t
schizophrenia and, 539social factors in, 237–239,
238t, 241
SSRIs and, 210–211
suicidal ideation and, 232–234
warning signs of, 233
Superego, 18, 118
Supernatural forces as cause of
disorders, 11
Supported employment, 562
Support groups. See Self-help
Surgery
for gender identity disorder,
476, 480
neurosurgery, 115, 308
sexual dysfunction and, 505
Survivor guilt, 313
Sybil (fi lm), 347, 349
Sympathetic nervous system, 35,
250f, 255
Symptom amplifi cation, 353,
357
Synapses, 40, 40f, 111–113
Synaptic cleft, 40, 40f, 41–42
Synesthesia, 414
Syphilis, 25–26, 326
Systematic desensitization, 124
Systems therapy, 137–139, 512° T °
Taijin kyofusho, 284
Talking cure, 17, 350
Tantrums, 164–166, 165f
Tarasoff, Tatiana, 732
Tarasoff rule, 732
Tardive dyskinesia, 556–557, 739
Target symptoms, 110
Tarloff, David, 737
TCAs.See Tricyclic
antidepressants (TCAs)
Technology, in treatment,
132–134
Tegretol, 228
Temperament, 52, 57–59
in antisocial personality
disorder, 596, 597
in fearful/anxious personality
disorders, 619
in personality disorders,
574–576, 577–579,
578f, 610
in posttraumatic stress
disorder, 321
Temporal lobe, 36, 36f
Teratogens, 628–629, 662
Terminal buttons, 39, 39f
Testosterone
aging and, 506
in gender identity disorder, 478
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC),
414–415
Thalamus, 37, 37f
in obsessive-compulsive
disorder, 302–303, 303f
in schizophrenia, 542
Thematic Apperception Test
(TAT), 101
Theories, 155Theory of mind
in autism spectrum disorders,
639
in personality disorders, 588
in schizophrenia, 549–550
Therapeutic alliance, 119
Therapeutic communities, 599
Therapy. See also Treatment;
specifi c therapies
client-centered, 21, 121–122
clinicians providing, 86
cognitive-behavioral,
122–132
common factors in, 177–178
cyber, 133–134
dose-response relationship in,
185–186, 185f
family and systems, 137–139
group, 139
interpersonal, 135–136
medicalization of, 510–511
motivational enhancement,
425–426
multisystemic, 668
patient/therapist match in,
186, 580
play, 134
psychodynamic, 118–121
reality orientation, 711–712
reminiscence, 712
research on effectiveness of,
179–180, 179f
for specifi c disorders,
181–184
Thinking, disorganized, 525
Thorazine, 556
Thorndike, Edward Lee, 22
Thought insertion, 522
Thyroxin, 93
Tic disorders, 677
TMS.See Transcranial magnetic
stimulation (TMS)
Tobacco use, 388, 395, 401
Token economies, 126
Tolerance, 384
with alcohol, 406
with MDMA, 394
Torture, 13
Tourette’s disorder, 676
Trail Making Test, 684, 684f
Tranquilizers. See
Benzodiazepines
Transcranial magnetic
stimulation (TMS),
114–115
for depressive disorders, 212
electroconvulsive therapy vs.,
115
for obsessive-compulsive
disorder, 308
for posttraumatic stress
disorder, 323
for schizophrenia, 170, 559
Transference, 120–121
Transient ischemic attacks, 708
Translators, 144, 146
Transsexuals, 475, 478Transvestic fetishism, 483t,
488–489, 489t
Treatment, 109–189
of autism spectrum disorders,
640–641
of bipolar disorders, 228–231
of borderline personality
disorder, 605–607
community-based, 139–142
defi nition of, 110
of dementia, 711–712
of depressive disorders,
209–216
of disruptive behavior and
attention disorders,
666–670
of dissociative identity
disorder, 349–351
of eating disorders, 462–470
effective, 175
ethics and, 184, 184t
experimental, ethics of, 184,
184t
of fearful/anxious personality
disorders, 619–620
feedback loops in, 111
fi nancial issues in, 84, 147,
168
of gender identity disorder,
480–481
of generalized anxiety
disorder, 257–262
of learning disorders, 647
legal issues in, 738–741
of mental retardation,
630–632
multicultural issues in,
143–147
multiple, 149
of neurological factors, 110t,
111–117
of obsessive-compulsive
disorder, 308–310
of panic disorder and
agoraphobia, 273–276
of paraphilias, 492–493
of personality disorders,
579–580, 597–599, 610
placebo effect in, 175–176
planning, 148–149
of posttraumatic stress
disorder, 322–326
of psychological factors, 110t,
117–135
psychological factors targeted
in, 117–135
research on, 175–188
right to, 738–739
right to refuse, 739
of schizophrenia, 556–564
of sexual dysfunctions,
510–514
side effects of, 175
of social factors, 110t,
135–148
of social phobia, 285–288
of specifi c phobias, 296–298