CHAPTER 6 Musculoskeletal System^279
Encourage fluids after the injection to flush the radiopharmaceutical. Monitor
for reaction to the radiopharmaceutical: rash, itching, hives, and so on.
Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
Computerized axial tomography—computer-manipulated pictures of radiologic
images that are not obstructed by overlying anatomy. The patient needs to lie still
during the exam for clear images.
This is done to detect fractures and bone metastasis.
Electromyography (EMG)
Multiple small needle–type electrodes are inserted into muscle areas to test mus-
cle potential. The patient may be asked to move the area to allow for measurement
during minimal and maximal contraction of the muscle. The amount of muscle and
nerve activity is recorded graphically.
Explain to the patient that there may be some discomfort during the testing.
Certain medications may need to be stopped prior to testing: muscle relaxants, stim-
ulants, caffeine.
After the testing, the patient may complain of pain or anxiety.
The test is done to detect neuromuscular, peripheral nerve disorders, or lower
motor neuron disorders, and may be done in conjunction with nerve conduction
studies.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Use of a super-conducting magnet and radio frequency signals cause hydrogen
nuclei to send out an individual signal. As the radio waves bounce off the tissues
in the body, different signals are sent based on the density of the tissues. The
computer will create detailed images based on the information it receives. Contrast
may be injected intravenously.
The MRI diagnoses problems within joints, soft tissue (tendons, ligaments),
spine, intervertebral discs, and spinal cord.
Prior to the test, ask the patient about possible metallic objects (surgical clips,
implants), pacemakers or implanted infusion pumps (may cause dysfunction of
devices), or pregnancy.