CNS
- Malaise, lethergy • confusion
- Reversal of sleep rhythm • Convulsions and fits
- Coma
Eye
- Redness of conuctiva • Calcification
- Retinopathy
Mouth
- Uraemic breath • Coated tongue
Face
- pallor • sallow
- puffness • Uraemic frosts
Cardiovascular
- cardiomegaly • failure
- Pericarditis • Hypertension
Chest
- Acidotic breathing • Pulmonary oedema
- pleural effusion
Hand and arms
- scratch marks • bruisis
- Tremors • myoclonic jerks
Lower limbs
- oedema • peripheral neuropathy
- deformity of bone disease (in children)
- peripheral vascular disease
Abdomen
- Gastritis • Colitis
- Renal pain • Palpable kidney
Genitourinary
- Impotence • Decreased libido
- Amenorrhea • Infertility
- Polyuria • Nocturia
- Frequency
(Fig. 5.1)
Clinical Features of the Uraemic Syndrome
