III. Hematologic and cardiovascular Manifestations:
a- Anaemia:
Anaemia is a common feature of uraemia and is usually normocytic
normochromic. It is partly responsible for many of the debilitating
symptoms of uraemia such as lethargy, tiredness and exertional dyspnea.
The main causes of anaemia in uraemic patient are the followings:
- Bone marrow depression by the uraemic toxins and due to
erythropoietin deficiency.
- Short life span of R.B.Cs due to the uraemic toxins.
- Nutritional deficiency due to dietatic restrictions and dyspepsia
(protein, Vit. B12, and folic acid)
- Iatrogenic causes as frequent blood sampling in hospitalized patients
and the blood loss in the dialyzer at the end of each haemodialysis
session.
- Bleeding tendency as GIT bleeding and metrorrhagia.
- Aluminium toxicity.
- Bone marrow fibrosis due to hyperparathyroidism.
- Hypersplenism especially in multiple transfused patient.
Sometimes anaemia is microcytic hypochromic due to iron
deficiency. White cell count and platelet count are normal but with
decreased functions.
b- Bleeding tendency:
May result from:
- Qualitative platelet defects:
