Boldfaceindicates a word root or combining form. Blueindicates a suffix. Pinkindicates a prefix.
160 CHAPTER 5• Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
5–2 The endo/cardi/um, the inner membranous layer, lines the interior of the
heart and the heart valves. The my/o/cardi/um, the middle muscular layer, is com-
posed of a special type of muscle arranged in such a way that the contraction of mus-
cle bundles results in squeezing or wringing of the heart chambers to eject blood
from the chambers. The peri/cardi/um, a fibrous sac, surrounds and encloses the
entire heart.
When we talk about the muscular layer of the heart, we are referring to the
__________ / _____ / ____________________ / __________.
When we talk about the fibrous sac that encloses the entire heart, we are referring to
the __________ / ____________________ / __________.5–3 The prefix peri-means around.Peri/card/itis is an inflammation or infection
of the pericardial sac with an accumulation of pericardial fluid. When the fluid
presses on the heart and prevents it from beating, the condition is known as cardi/ac
tamponade. If necessary, peri/cardi/o/centesis may be performed.
Build medical terms that mean
inflammation around the heart:__________ / __________ / __________
surgical puncture around the heart:
__________ / ____________________ / _____ / ____________________5–4 The surgical procedure that means excision of all or part of the peri/cardi/umis
__________ / ____________________ / ____________________.5–5 Suturing a wound in the peri/cardi/um is called
__________ / ____________________ / _____ / ____________________5–6 Cross-striations of cardi/ac muscle provide the mechanics of squeezing blood
out of the heart chambers to maintain the flow of blood in one direction. Identify
the muscul/ar layer of the heart responsible for this function.
__________ / _____ / ____________________ / __________5–7 Review the three layers of the heart by completing the following statements:
The layer that lines the heart and the heart valves is known as the
__________ / ____________________ / __________.
The fibrous sac surrounding the entire heart and composed of two membranes separated
by fluid is called the __________ / ____________________ / __________.
The middle specialized muscular layer is called the
__________ / _____ / ____________________ / __________.my/o/cardi/um
mī-ō-KĂR-dē-ŭmperi/cardi/um
pĕr-ĭ-KĂR-dē-ŭmperi/card/itis
pĕr-ĭ-kăr-DĪ-tĭsperi/cardi/o/centesis
pĕr-ĭ-kăr-dē-ō-sĕn-TĒ-sĭsmy/o/cardi/um
mī-ō-KĂR-dē-ŭmperi/cardi/ectomy
pĕr-ĭ-kăr-dē-ĔK-tō-mēperi/cardi/o/rrhaphy
pĕr-ĭ-kăr-dē-OR-ă-fēendo/cardi/um
ĕn-dō-KĂR-dē-ŭmperi/cardi/um
pĕr-ĭ-KĂR-dē-ŭmmy/o/cardi/um
mī-ō-KĂR-dē-ŭm