Medical Terminology Simplified

9–36 Toxic/o/pathy is any disease caused by____________________.

9–37 Use thyroid/oto form words that mean

incision of the thyroid gland:_______________ /_____ / __________

instrument to incise the thyroid:_______________ /_____ / __________

9–38 The CF calc/o means calcium. Calc/emiaindicates an abnormal presence of

calcium in the____________________.

9–39 Hypo/calc/emia is a condition of abnormally low blood calcium. A person

with excessively high blood calcium has a condition called____________________ /

__________ / __________.

Frame 9–34to Frame 9–39

Endocrine System • CHAPTER 9 407

thyroid/o/tomy

thī-royd-ŎT-ō-mē

thyroid/o/tome

thī-ROYD-ō-tōm

blood

hyper/calc/emia

hī-pĕr-kăl-SĒ-mē-ă

poison

TABLE 9-2 THYROID HORMONES

This table identifies thyroid hormones, their functions, and associated disorders.

Hormone Functions Disorders

Calcitonin

Thyroxine (T 4 ) and
triiodothyronine (T 3 )

• Regulates calcium levels in the blood in
  conjunction with parathyroid hormone


• Secreted when calcium levels in the
  blood are high in order to maintain
  homeostasis


• Increases energy production from all
  food types


• Increases rate of protein synthesis
  
  
  • The most significant effects are exerted in
    childhood when bones are growing and
    changing dramatically in mass, size, and
    shape.
  
  
  • At best, calcitonin is a weak hypocalcemic
    agent in adults.
  
  
  • Hyposecretion in infants causes cretinism;
    hyposecretion in adults causes myxedema.
  
  
  • Hypersecretion causes Graves disease, in-
    dicated by exophthalmos. (See Fig. 9-4.)