The Psychology of Gender 4th Edition

624 Subject Index

sexual harassment, 477

sexual standards, 312–314

status and, 14–16

Tahiti, 13–14

traditional, 127

Custody of children, 417, 419

D

Dads and Daughters, 159

Data, 30

Data collection, 41–42

Data interpretation, 42

Date scripts, 304

Dating relationships, health effects of

breaking up, 405–406

Decoding, 237

Demand characteristics, 44–45

effect on empathy, 119

Demand/withdraw pattern, 328–331

explanations for, 328–331

implications for relationships, 331–332

links to gender, 328–329

on marital satisfaction, 331–332

Demand-side theory, 462

Demographics, of eating disorders, 529–530

Denial of disadvantage, 473

Denial of discrimination, 472–475

Denial of personal discrimination, 473

Denmark, 297

Dependent personality disorder, 518

Dependent variable, 34

Depression

alcohol and drug problems and, 495

biology and, 497–499

bipolar disorder, 490

caregiving, 513–514

children to, 522

clinical depression (major depressive

disorder), 487–540

coping, 500–508

emotion-focused, 501

problem-focused, 500

relative, 502–503

specific strategies of, 502–503

chronic illness, 348, 524–526

adjustment to, 524–526

of children to, 522

gender role and, 522–525

cross-cultural studies of, 490

defined, 348

different cause theory, 496–497

eating disorders, 526–532

female-gender role, 511–513, 525–526

communication and agency, 511

unmitigated communion, 511–513

gender role, 522, 525–526

male, 522–525

female, 525–526

interactive theory, 497

learned helplessness, 499–500

male gender role, 522–525

methodological artifacts in findings on,

492–495

clinician bias, 492–493

different manifestations, 494–495

response bias, 493–494

precipitating factors, 496

same cause theory, 496

suicide, 532–537

attempts to, 534–535

factors associated with, 535–537

gender paradox, 535

incidence of, 532–534

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), 136–38

Connell, Robert, 62

Constructionist perspectives, 18, 59–60

Construct validity, 105

Consequences, 528–529

Context, 173–179

perceiver, 174–175

situation, 175–179

social, 59–60

target, 175

Contraceptives

condoms, 20, 144, 377

oral, 351

Control

spousal abuse and, 429

women’s health and job, 444–445

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms

of Discrimination against Women

(CEDAW), 20

Conventional stages of moral development, 128

Conversational style, childhood, 222

Coping, 500–508

active, 502

emotion-focused, 501

private self-consciousness, 507–508

problem-focused, 500

relative, 502–503

rumination, 504–507

samples of, 502

specific strategies of, 502–503

stressful life events, 508–511

tend and befriend, 503–504

Correspondent inference theory, 92

Coronary angioplasty, 356

Coronary artery bypass surgery, 356

Coronary heart disease, 344–345, 357

Correlation

negative, 32–33

positive, 32

Correlational study, 31–33

advantage of, 36

disadvantage of, 36

Cortisol, 352

Co-rumination, 270

Cosby Show, The, 95

Creationism, 30

Crime statistics, 346–347

Crimes, violent, 346–347

Cross-cultural studies.See alsoCulture(s)

of depression, 490

evidence for, 299–304

of experience of emotion, 249

of gender roles, 165

on health benefits of parental role, 420

of intimacy, 267–268

of the perceptions of sexual harassment, 477

Cross-sectional studies, 37–38

Cross-sex-typed individual, 7, 56, 170

CTS.See Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS)

Cues

nonverbal, 42, 237

situational, 176

Culture(s)

Agta Negrito, 13

collectivist, 154, 477

emotional expression and, 154

individualistic, 154, 477

jealousy and, 332

marriage

and mate preferences, 304

and power distribution, 322–323

Morocco, 12–13

with multiple genders, 11–14

patriarchal, 322

Cohort effects

age effects distinguished from, 37–38

defined, 37

Collective interdependence, 201

Collective lifestyle, 374

Collectivist cultures, 154, 477

College students

incidence of sexual harassment on, 47–479

perceptions of sexual harassment, 477

as research subjects, 46

self-confidence in, 192

sexist language and, 22–23

transphobia among, 78

Columbine High School massacre, 121

Commercials, 163–164

toy, 149, 164

Communal orientation, 55, 57, 165

Communication.See alsoLanguage

depression and, 511

explanations for sex differences in, 252–256

social role theory, 255–256

status theory, 252–254

interaction styles in adulthood, 226–228

performance implications, 228

sex differences qualifiers, 227–228

interaction styles in childhood, 221–226

girls’ difficulty in influencing boys, 225

institutional support, 225–226

play styles, 222–225

leadership, 241–247

emergent leaders, 241–242

perception of, 243–247

styles, 242–243

nonverbal behavior, 234, 235–239

encoding, 237

gazing, 236–237

interpersonal sensitivity, 237

smiling, 236

touching, 237–239

online, 229

Communication, depression and, 511

Communion.See alsoFemininity

health and, 381–382

unmitigated, 57–58

rumination and, 513

Companionship, 299

Comparable worth policy, 463–464

Comparison referents, satisfaction with

division of labor, 416–417

Competition

as a barrier to closeness in friendship,

274–275

egoistic dominance, 166

Competitiveness, 3

Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome

(CAIS), 139

Computer science, 185, 207

Computer usage, 210, 371

Condoms, 377

Condom use, 62

Confirmatory hypothesis testing, 103

Conflict

in friendships, 276

interrole, 5

intrarole, 5

physiological reactivity, 410–411

role, 286–287

in romantic relationships, 326–335

demand/withdraw pattern, 328–331

jealousy and, 332–335

management, 326–328

Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS), 424

Conformity, 25, 128

Confucian doctrine, 70

Z03_HELG0185_04_SE_SIDX.indd 624 6/21/11 2:33 PM