18 Leaders TheEconomistDecember4th 2021
T
he tax plans of PresidentJoeBidenwereoncefulloflofty
promises. He and Democrats in Congress wouldreverse
Donald Trump’s tax cuts, make the wealthy paymoreandfully
fund all manner of desperately needed climate andsocialpolicy
programmes with the proceeds. The middle classwouldriseand
the top 1% would manage. As the messy draftingofMrBiden’s
main spending bill—the Build Back Better Act—nearsitsconclu
sion after months of wheeling and dealing, it is clearthat,when
it comes to tax, the result is not lofty at all.
The president was unable to whip his slim congressionalma
jorities into reversing Mr Trump’s tax law and increasingmar
ginal rates on capital gains, corporate profits ortopindividual
incomes. And so his plan to raise revenue is a hotchpotchofun
orthodox measures, including a new minimum
tax on corporatebook income, an excise tax on
stock buybacks and a new surtax on those with
incomes above $10m. The wisdom of these
measures can be debated. What cannot is a last
minute addition to the bill that would spend
hundreds of billions of dollars subsidising the
richest residents of New York and California.
The stateandlocaltax (salt) deduction
lets Americans cut their federaltax liability if they pay lots of in
come and property tax at the state and local level (see United
States section). Before 2017 this provision was limitless, letting
plutocrats in hightax states deduct all the property tax on their
mansions and the state income tax on their millions, at the ex
pense of federal taxpayers everywhere. Mr Trump’s tax law
capped the tax exemption at $10,000. Rather than welcome this
as a step towards their goal of more redistribution, Democrats in
hightax states moaned that they had been punitively targeted.
Just before Build Back Better passed the House of Representa
tives on November 19th, they raised the cap to $80,000 a year.
The result is a fiscal fiasco. In the next five years the benefit
will cost $275bn. Exactly none of it will go to the bottom 60% of
earners.Instead70%ofthegainswillgotothetop5%.Fora par
tythatcametopowercondemningMrTrump’staxreformfor
beingregressive,thestainofhypocrisywillbehardtowashout.
Ifthepoliticsarebad,thepolicyisworse.Thecentralpro
miseofMrBiden’sagendawastocrafta moremuscularstate
thatwillbeabletograpplewithlongtermthreatssuchascli
matechange,pandemicsandsocialdysfunction.Yetwhatis
supposedlybuiltbackbetterwillcountfornothingif it doesnot
exist.Inordertopayforthat$275bngiveaway,theDemocrats
havejettisonedsomeofMrBiden’spledges,includingfreetu
itionatcommunitycollege,andscheduledotherstodisappear
ina fewyears’time.Theyarebettingthata futureCongresswill
beshamedintofindingthemoneytosavethesefromtheaxe.
Thatmayturnouttobewishfulthinking.
Itisalsocallous.Theexpandedchildbene
fitshavesignificantlyreducedpovertyamong
themostneedyAmericans,buttheprogramme
is dueto expireafter justone moreyear. If
Democratsheldbackthehundredsofbillions
from the salt deduction,they could almost
completely fund a permanent childbenefit
scheme. They prefer to give each member of the
top 1% of earners an average tax cut of $15,000, five times the
amount the benefit pays for each child.
The best hope of improving the bill comes in the Senate,
where all Democrats must vote for it to pass. Mr Biden is so des
perate to see the bill into law that he will not criticise it. Some,
like Bernie Sanders, have proposed a compromise limiting the
larger salt deduction to families making less than $400,000 a
year—which tells you just how regressive the current bill is.
There is no way to tweak the saltdeduction to make it desir
able. It should be scrapped entirely. But because that will not
happen, the debate is whether it can be wrestled into something
less bad. Given the steadydegradation of Build Back Better, opti
mism would be unwise.n
The Democrats’ fiscalpolicymakesa mockeryoftheirprogressivepledges
Share of benefit of raising
the SALT-deduction cap
US, Nov 2021, by income quintile, %
100
50
0
Top
4.
Middle
1.10.
Lowest
Nil
SALT in the wounds
Build Back Better
A
decade agothe relentless expansion of American internet
giants promised world domination. With their vast home
market affording them economies of scale, the likes of Amazon,
PayPal and Uber looked destined to monopolise the screens of
everyone from Californian charmers to Kalahari farmers.
Today America still rules the global tech industry, broadly de
fined, accounting for 71% of the market value of listed firms.
Nonetheless a different pattern has emerged in the part of the
technology industry that focuses on providing internet services
to consumers. Here, activity is more dispersed and less Amer
ican. The trend has been highlighted this year by a rush of flota
tions of emergingmarket internet firms (see Business section).
Instead of a few monoliths, three different categories of busi
ness have formed. Using a taxonomy first drawn up by Asia Part
ners, an investment company, you can define the first group as
the global platforms. These still dominate in services where
minimal physical presence is required, in particular search, so
cial media and cloud computing. Giants like Alphabet and Face
book (now Meta) generate just over half their sales outside
America and are among tech’s most international businesses.
A second category has become important in some places: the
protected national champion. China’s tech giants are keen to ex
For vibrant, competitive internet businesses, look to emerging markets
Local heroes
Technology