breaking ⇒ produces ions.A B A+ + B−
IonsHydrolytic bond cleavage- Homolytic bond dissociation (homolysis): electronically symmetrical bond
breaking ⇒ produces radicals.
A B A + B
RadicalsHomolytic bond cleavage- Heterolysis requires the bond to be polarized. Heterolysis requires separation
of oppositely charged ions.
G+A BG− A+ + B−- Heterolysis is assisted by a molecule with an unshared pair:
Y + GA+ BG− Y+ A + B−^
A BG− B−- Acid is a substance that can donate (or lose) a proton; Base is a substance that
can accept (or remove) a proton.
Y + G+ Y+ A +Formation of the new bond furnishes some of the energy required for the heterolysis.