Arabic: An Essential Grammar

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َأ َعا َد  ِْلا ْم ِت َحا َن

a


a ̄da l-


imtih
̇

a ̄na. He repeated (re-took) the exam. (He re-

examined.)

ي ِةَّن َظ َر ِفي ْل َق ِضََّأ َعا َد ل

a


a ̄da n-nad
̄ ̇

ara fı


  • l-qad
    ̇


iyyati. He re-considered the case.

ي ِةَّن َظ ِر ِفي ْل َق ِضَِّإ ْق َت َر َح ِإ َعا َد َة ل

iqtarah
̇

a


i


a ̄data n-nad
̇ ̄

ari fı


  • l-qad
    ̇


iyyati. He proposed to re-consider

the case.

Note: The above ِإ َعا َد ٌة is the verbal noun of form IV.


37.6 The verb َكا َد ka ̄da (imperfect: ي َكا ُد yaka ̄du) ‘to be about to


.. ., almost, (nearly).. .’ is used as an auxiliary with the following verb


in the imperfect indicative or, alternatively, imperfect subjunctive

(after َأ ْن), e.g.


When َكا َد ka ̄da is in the perfect or imperfect tense, preceded by the


negative particle َما ma ̄ or َل ْم lam, both tenses have almost the same


meaning: ‘just, barely, hardly, almost not’, e.g.

تى َو َق َعََّما َكا َ د / َل ْم َي َك ْد َي ِقـ ُف َح


ma ̄ ka ̄da / lam yakad yaqifu h
̇

atta ̄ waqa


a. He barely stood up before he

fell down.

Main verb: imperfect

indicative

Main verb: imperfect subjunctive

َكا َد ْل َوَل ُد َي َق ُع OR َكا َد ْل َوَل ُد َأ ْن َي َق َع


ka ̄da l-waladu yaqa


u. ka ̄da l-waladu


an yaqa


a.

The boy was about to fall over.

ِم َن ْل َع َط ِش ِك ْد ُت َأ ُمو ُت OR ِم َن ْل َع َط ِش ِك ْد ُت َأ ْن َأ ُمو َت


kidtu


amu ̄tu mina l-


at
̇

asˇi. kidtu


an


amu ̄ta mina l-


at
̇

asˇi.

I almost died of thirst. I was almost going to die of thirst.

ِم َن ْلـ ُجو ِعَي َكا ُد َي ُمو ُت OR ِم َن ْلـ ُجو ِعَي َكا ُد َأ ْن َي ُمو َت


yaka ̄du yamu ̄tu mina l-g ̆u ̄


i. yaka ̄du


an yamu ̄ta mina l-g ̆u ̄


i.

He is almost dying of hunger. He is almost going to die of hunger.

292

Verbs of
wonder, the
negative
copula,

special verbs


and uses
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