Arabic: An Essential Grammar

38.6 Underived adverbs of place, َظ ْر ُف َز َما ٍن , are very few, e.g.

Examples:

!ِإ ْجِل ْس ُه َنا




ig ̆lis huna ̄! Sit here! (masc. sing.)

!ِإ ْذ َه ْب ِم ْن َح ْي ُث ِج ْئ َت

id

̄

hab min h

̇

ayt

̄

u g ̆i

ta! Go whence you came!

38.7 Derived adverbs of place are common, e.g., َف ْو ُق fawqu

‘up(stairs), on top, above’, َو َرا ُء wara ̄

u ‘behind, in the rear, at the

back’.

38.8 Other common adverbs having the form of accusative adjectives

or nouns are:

َس َن َة ٢٠٠٣ OR َس َن ِة ٢٠٠٣ ِ في

sanata 2003, in the year 2003 fı

• sanati 2003

َح ْي ُث ُه َنا َك ُه َنا َت ْح ُت

tah

̇

tu huna ̄ huna ̄ka h

̇

ayt

̄

u

beneath here there where, whither, whereas, due to the

fact that

َغ ًدا َل ْي ًلا َت ْق ِري ًبا َحا ًلا ِج ّد ًا َأ ْح َيا ًنا

taqrı

• ban laylan g ̇adan

ah

̇

ya ̄nan g ̆iddan h

̇

a ̄lan

almost by night tomorrow sometimes very immediately

َم َث ًلا َأ ِخي ًرا َدا ِئ ًما َح ِدي ًثا و ًلا َثا ِن ًياََّأ

h

̇

adı

• t
  ̄

an da ̄

iman

ah

̆

ı

• ran mat
  ̄

alan t

̄

a ̄niyan

awwalan

recently always finally, lately for example secondly firstly, first

قاًََي ْو ًما َي ِمي ًنا َش َما ًلا َش ْر َقِلي ًلا َك ِثي ًرا

sˇarqan sˇama ̄lan yamı

• nan yawman kat
  ̄

ı

• ran qalı
  
  
  • lan
  
  
  
  

eastward on the

left, to

the north

on the right one day much,

very

little, few

301

Adverbs

and

adverbials,

absolute

object, h

̇

a ̄l,

tamyı

• z