Einstein’s approach, 318 – 320
electron-energy distribution, 325 – 327
Fermi-Dirac distribution function, 307,
308, 310
free electrons in metal, 323 – 325
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution function,
299, 308
Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, 298 – 300
molecular energies in ideal gas, 300 – 305
neuron stars, 329 – 331
Planck radiation law, 313 – 318
pulsars, 330, 331
quantum statistics, 305 – 310
Rayleigh-Jeans formula, 311, 312
specific heats of solids, 320 – 323
statistical distributions, 297, 298
Stefan-Boltzmann law, 317
white dwarfs, 328, 329
Wien’s displacement law, 316
Steady-state Schrödinger equation, 174 – 177
Stefan, Josef, 298
Stefan-Boltzmann law, 298, 317
Stefan’s constant, 317
Stern, Otto, 132, 232
Stern-Gerlach experiment, 232
Stimulated absorption, 146
Stimulated emission, 146, 147, 318
STM, 186, 187
Strange, 489, 490
Strange particles, 486
Strangeness number, 486
Strassmann, Fritz, 452
String theory, 497
Strong interaction, 402, 475, 476
Subcritical, 454
Subshell, 239, 240
Summary table, 530
Sun, 460, 461, 480
Superconducting quantum interference device
(SQUID), 385
Superconductivity, 376 – 383
Supercritical, 454
Supermultiplets, 487 – 489
Supernova, 329, 463
Superposition, 55, 169, 170
Supersymmetry, 497
Surface energy, 404
Sv, 422
Symmetric wave function, 233 – 235, 306
Symmetries, 486, 487Tau, 481
Taylor, Joseph, 36
Teller, Edward, 435
Tensor, 47
Term symbols, 253, 254
Tevatron, 496
Textbooks, 525 – 527
Thallium, 360
Theorem of equipartition of energy, 59Index 541
Theory of Everything, 476, 497
Theory of relativity, 2. See alsoRelativity
Thermal neutron, 444
Thermionic emission, 67
Thermograph, 315
Thioacetic acid, 290
Thomson, G.P., 104
Thomson, J.J., 104, 120, 121
Three Mile Island incident, 459
Three-level laser, 147, 148
3s level, 356
Time dilation, 5 – 10
Time-dependent Schrödinger equation,
166 – 169
Timelike interval, 47
Tokamak, 464 – 467
Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor, 418
Tomonaga, Sin-Itiro, 222
Top, 490, 492
Total angular momentum, 249 – 254
Total atomic angular momentum, 250
Total energy, 27, 30
Total-energy operator, 172
Townes, Charles H., 147
Transistor, 367 – 369
Transition elements, 236, 246
Transuranic elements, 457
Transverse doppler effect in light, 11
Triple-alpha reaction, 462
Triplet, 254
Tritium, 388
Tsung Dao Lee, 479
Tunable dye laser, 290, 291
Tunnel diode, 365, 366
Tunnel effect, 184 – 186, 193 – 196
Tunnel theory of alpha decay, 434 – 436
Twin paradox, 17 – 19
Two-body oscillator, 286, 287
Type I superconductors, 377, 378
Type II superconductors, 378, 379u, 390
Uhlenbeck, George, 229, 230, 233
Ultraviolet catastrophe, 59, 60
Uncertainty principle
pion, 414
Uncertainty principles
applying, 114 – 116
energy and time, 115, 116
principle 1, 108 – 113
principle 2, 113, 114
space quantization, 211
Universe
future of, 501 – 504
history of, 498 – 501
Universe, expanding, 13, 14
Unsöld’s theorem, 227
Up, 489, 490
Uranium, 423
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