Q199 MT Exod 18:7 w)byw SV(1) – Difference in number.^895
4QExodc viii 32 wh)ybyw
Q200 MT Exod 18:7 w)byw SV(2) – 4QExodc clarifies the ob-
4QExodc viii 32 wh)ybyw ject.
Q201 MT Exod 13:15 yn) SV(1) – Lexical interchange.^896
4QExodd 2 ykn[
Q202 MT Exod 15:1 14:31 → 15:1 SV(3) – Possible difference of
4QExodd 4 13:16 → 15:1 verse order.^897
Q203 MT Exod 13:3 Myrcmm SV(2) – 4QExode has an expan-
4QExode 2 Myrcm Cr)m sive plus.^898
Q204 MT Exod 13:3 hdb( tybm SV(2) – The MT has an explicat-
4QExode 2 omits ing plus.^899
Q205 MT Exod 13:5 ywxhw wrm)hw SV(3) – Different order of listed
895
The MT reads: hlh)h w)byw, “and they came to the tent,” where the 3pl Qal of √)wb, “to come,” refers to
the action of each character in the narrative. 4QExodc has more specific phrasing, indicating the agency of
one specific character over another: hlh)h wh)wbyw, “and he brought him to the tent,” where the verb )wb is
given as 896 Hiph‘il, “to bring,” and has its object directly appended as a pronominal suffix.
On the different uses of the 1cs independent pronoun yn) and ynk) in the MT see W. Gesenius, E.
Kautzsch, and A.E. Cowley, Hebrew Grammar, 105 n. 1. The short form of the pronoun is more common
in the later books (see P. Joüon and T. Muraoka, Grammar of Biblical Hebrew, 119-20, §39a). The form in
4QExodd may therefore be viewed as archaic or archaising. See, for example, the use of the long form of
this pronoun in 11QT and the comments in E. Qimron, Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 57. Archaising
tendencies in 11QT reflect the biblical tone artificially adopted in that scroll, concerning which see S.
Kaufman, "The Temple Scroll and Higher Criticism," HUCA 53 (1982) 35. According to M.G. Abegg,
"Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls," 330, the long form of the 1cs independent pronoun is used in other non-
biblical scrolls a total of 19 times, and then only in reference to the deity. In contrast, the short form never
refers to the deity, according to the list in M.G. Abegg, J. Bowley, and E. Cook, The Dead Sea Scrolls
Concordance: The Non-Biblical Texts from Qumran 897 (2 vols.; Leiden: Brill, 2003) 75-77.
Either a verse similar to Exod 13:16 preceded 15:1 in 4QExodd, or the text of Exod 13:17-14:31 is lack-
ing in this part of the text. Two possibilities suggest themselves, namely that the scroll reflects a different
textual tradition in which the narrative account of the crossing of the Red Sea was missing or repositioned,
or that 4QExod 898 d is in fact a liturgical scroll (see E. Ulrich and F.M. Cross, Qumran Cave 4. VII, 127-28).
899 4QExode agrees with the LXX and the SP. See also Q180 above.
All of the witnesses agree with the MT.