tained a limestone SARCOPHAGUS. Ita’s mummy had a
bitumen-soaked covering under a thin layer of plaster.
Her funerary mask had gold trim and silver mounted
eyes.
Itaweret(fl. 19th century B.C.E.)Royal woman of the
Twelfth Dynasty
She was a daughter of AMENEMHET II (r. 1929–1892
B.C.E.). Itaweret was buried at DASHURnear her father,
and her tomb contained a rose granite SARCOPHAGUS.
Gold and stone bracelets, a collar of gold and beads, a
crown, and a statue of a swan were discovered in her
burial chamber.
Itekuyet(fl. 20th century B.C.E.) Royal woman of the
Twelfth Dynasty
The daughter of SENWOSRET I(r. 1971–1926 B.C.E.), she
was buried in el-LISHTnear her father’s pyramid, and her
funerary regalia was elaborate.
Itj-tawy This was the capital of the Twelfth Dynasty
(1991–1783 B.C.E.), started by AMENEMHET I(r. 1991–
1962 B.C.E.). He called the site Amenemhet-Itj-tawy, “It Is
Amenemhet Who Has Conquered the Two Lands.” The
name was shortened to Itj-tawy, “Seizer-of-the-Two-
Lands.” The capital was near modern el-LISHT. The actual
site has not been determined, and no excavations have
been conducted in the area.
Ity(fl. 22nd century B.C.E.)Ruler of the Ninth Dynasty,
date of reign unknown
His capital was at HERAKLEOPOLIS, and he was the succes-
sor of Kháneferré. Ity’s brief reign is obscure, and his
burial site is unknown.
Iuni(fl. 14th century B.C.E.)Viceroy of the Nineteenth
Dynasty
He served both SETI I(r. 1306–1290 B.C.E.) and RAMESSES
II(r. 1290–1224 B.C.E.) as the viceroy of NUBIA(modern
Sudan). Originally from the FAIYUM, Iuni followed Amen-
emopet as vizier for the Ramessid rulers, regulating trade
and overseeing the military installations guarding the
Nile and ASWAN.
Iuput(fl. 10th century B.C.E.)Prince of the Twenty-
second Dynasty
The son of SHOSHENQ I(r. 945–924 B.C.E.) and Queen
KAROMANA(1), Iuput was appointed the high priest of
Amun at THEBESin order to consolidate the nation. He
then became involved in a massive effort to preserve royal
mummies from further desecration in tomb robberies.
Iuput also served as the governor of Upper Egypt and the
commander of the regional armies. He was not the heir to
the throne. Iuput aided in the erection of the BUBASTITE
PORTALin KARNAK. His tomb at ABYDOSis a long narrow
pit with a granite burial chamber, never used.Iuput I(d. c. 805 B.C.E.)Coruler of the Twenty-third
Dynasty
He was the son and coregent of PEDUBASTE I(r. 828–803
B.C.E.). They ruled in LEONTOPOLIS, but Iuput I died
about two years after being named coregent with his
father.Iuput II(fl. eighth century B.C.E.) Ruler of the Twenty-
third Dynasty
He was the successor to RUDAMON. The actual dates of his
reign are unknown. He ruled at LEONTOPOLISand then
joined TEFNAKHTEof SAIS in opposing the invasion of
PIANKHI(1) (r. 750–712 B.C.E.) and the Nubian (modern
Sudanese) armies. Defeated at HERAKLEOPOLISby Piankhi,
Iuput II was made a vassal governor of Leontopolis.Iusas (Nebhethotep) A goddess of Egypt, sometimes
worshiped as Nebhethotep, she was a consort of the god
TEM(1), depicted in some periods as the sole parent of the
deities SHUand TEFNUT. Portrayed as a woman holding a
scepter and an ankh,she is shown wearing a vulture head-
dress and a horned disk. Iusas was a female aspect of Tem.Iuwelot A royal estate was located at Lake MOERIS,
refurbished in all eras of Egypt’s history. This estate was
called “the Great Lake” and was watered by the BAHR
YUSEF(named for a local Muslim hero), the river that
branched from the Nile into the FAIYUM. A series of dikes
and sluices was erected and maintained by all of the royal
dynasties there.ivory A substance highly prized by the ancient Egyp-
tians and called abu.The Egyptians had to import ivory,
receiving most of it on ELEPHANTINE Island, brought
northward from NUBIA(modern Sudan). During the New
Kingdom (1550–1070 B.C.E.), ivory was imported also
from PUNTand Syria, carved into rings and scarabs and
used as materials for inlays.Iwntyw-Seti They were a Nubian (modern Sudanese)
people, called “the Troglodytes” in Egyptian records, and
inhabiting a site called “the Holy Mountain” at GEBEL
BARKALnear the fourth cataract of the Nile. The Holy
Mountain contained a rock formation in the shape of a
wadjet,a cobra. The barbarians faced an Egyptian army
led by ’AHMOSE(r. 1550–1525 B.C.E.) and a second assault
by AMENHOTEP I (r. 1525–1504 B.C.E.). Amenhotep I
caused the Nubians to flee to Khnemetheru, a site called
the “Highest Well,” located in the desert. The Egyptians
built a fort at Gebel Barkal and started trade with the
region. TUTHMOSIS I(r. 1504–1492 B.C.E.) attacked againIwntyw-Seti 185