Physics and Radiobiology of Nuclear Medicine

Index 319

Shielding in radiation protection,
276–277
Sievert (Sv), 210, 306
Single-strand break in chromosome,
231
Single channel analyzer (SCA), 88
Single escape peak, 92
Single photon emission computed
tomography (SPECT),see
SPECT
Sinogram in PET, 192
SI units,seeSystem Internationale Unit
Sodium iodide detectors,seeDetectors
Software and DICOM, 149–150
Solid state digital camera, 116
Somatic effects of radiations, 249–256
Sources of radiation exposure, 268–270
Spatial resolution, 118–127, 306
collimator resolution, 119–121
evaluation of, 122–127
bar phantoms in, 122–123
line spread function in, 124
modulation transfer function in,
125–127
in PET, 201–204
in SPECT, 177
intrinsic resolution, 118–119
scatter resolution, 121
Specific activity, 26–27, 306
Specificity of diagnostic tests, 42
Specific ionization, 57, 306
Specific license, 270–271
SPECT
attenuation correction, 173–175
center of rotation, 175–176
data acquisition, 155–156
factors affecting, 171–176
partial volume effect, 175
performance of SPECT camera,
177–178
photon attenuation, 171–175
quality control tests for SPECT
cameras, 178–179
reconstruction of image, 156–169
filtered backprojection, 159–166
iterative reconstruction, 166–169
simple backprojection, 156–158
scattering, 176
sensitivity, 177

spatial resolution, 177

SPECT camera, 153–154

SPECT/CT, 169–171

Spectrum of g-rays, 88–89

ideal, 88–89

actual, 89

Spontaneous discharge in gas

ionization, 74

Spontaneous fission, 11

Spontaneous mutations, 256

Standard deviation, 35

Statistics of counting, 34–41

accuracy, 34

Chi-square test, 39–41

errors, 34

Gaussian distribution, 35–36

minimum detectable activity, 41

percent standard deviation, 36

precision, 34

propagation of errors, 37–39

standard deviation of counts, 35

standard deviation of count rates, 37

Stochastic effects in radiation biology,

246

Straggling of range, 58

Structure of the nucleus, 6–7

Sublethal damage in radiation biology,

245

Successive decay of radionuclides,

29–32

Surveys of ambient radiation exposure

rate, 287

Survey meters

Cutie pie, 74

Geiger-Müller, 77–79

Survival curves, cell,seeCell survival

curve

System Internationale (SI) unit

becquerel, 26

gray, 209, 306

sievert, 210, 306

Systematic errors, 34

T

99mTc (Technetium-99m), 48

decay scheme of, 12

exposure rate constant of, 275

generator, 53–54

half-value layer in lead, 67, 304