Perreault−McCarthy: Basic
Marketing: A
Global−Managerial
Approach, 14/eBack Matter Notes © The McGraw−Hill
Companies, 2002786 Notes
Quality: Expanding the Concept of Retail Personality,” Journal of Busi-
ness Research,February 1994, pp. 101–10; Jeffrey S. Conant, Denise T.
Smart, and Roberto Solano-Mendez, “Generic Retailing Types, Distinc-
tive Marketing Competencies, and Competitive Advantage,” Journal of
Retailing,Fall, 1993, pp. 254–79; Robert J. Donovan et al., “Store Atmos-
phere and Purchasing Behavior,” Journal of Retailing,Fall 1994, p. 283;
John P. Dickson and Douglas L. MacLachlan, “Social Distance and
Shopping Behavior,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,Spring
1990, pp. 153–62.
4.“Small Retailers Outfox Big Rivals,” Investor’s Business Daily,
November 28, 2000, p. A1; “Urban Rarity: Stores Offering Spiffy Ser-
vice,” The Wall Street Journal,July 25, 1996, p. B1ff.; “Airports: New
Destination for Specialty Retailers,” USA Today,January 11, 1996, p. 5B;
“Buoyant Shoppers Boost Specialty Sales,” The Wall Street Journal,
December 15, 1992, p. B1ff.; Sharon E. Beatty, Morris Mayer, James E.
Coleman, Kristy E. Reynolds, and Jungki Lee, “Customer-Sales Associate
Retail Relationships,” Journal of Retailing, Fall 1996, pp. 223–47.
5.Available from World Wide Web: http://www.census.gov; U.S.
Bureau of the Census, County Business Patterns 1998, United States,; U.S.
Bureau of the Census, 1997 Census of Retail Trade, Subject Series, Estab-
lishment and Firm Size(Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing
Office, 2000); “Department Stores and Designer Tenants Jockey Over
Real Estate,” The Wall Street Journal,October 31, 2000, p. A1ff.; “They
Tried to Save It, but This Penney Store Is Set to Close Forever,” The
Wall Street Journal,March 31, 1998, p. A1ff.; “Bright Lights, Big Store,”
Business Week,March 17, 1997, p. 43; “Reinventing Sears,” Ti m e ,
December 23, 1996, pp. 53–55; “Department Stores, Seemingly Out-
moded, Are Perking Up Again,” The Wall Street Journal,January 4, 1994,
p. A1ff.; Richard A. Rauch, “Retailing’s Dinosaurs: Department Stores
and Supermarkets,” Business Horizons,September/October 1991, pp.
21–25.
6.David Appel, “The Supermarket: Early Development of an Institu-
tional Innovation,” Journal of Retailing,Spring 1972, pp. 39–53.
7.Available from World Wide Web: http://www.census.gov and
http://www.fmi.org/food/superfact; “Grocery Shoppers Can Be Own
Cashiers,” USA Today,March 9, 1998, p. 6B; “The Taste of the Nation,”
USA Today,March 9, 1998, p. 1Dff.; “Finally, Supermarkets Find Ways
to Increase Their Profit Margins,” The Wall Street Journal,May 29, 1997,
p. A1ff.; “Special Report: Grocery Marketing,” Advertising Age,May 8,
1995, pp. S1–10; U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1997 Census of Retail Trade,
Subject Series, Establishment and Firm Size(Washington, DC: U.S. Gov-
ernment Printing Office, 2000).
8.“How Growth Destroys Differentiation,” Brandweek, April 24,
2000, pp. 42–50.
9.“Ahold’s Supermarkets ‘Go Native’ to Succeed in U.S.,” The Wall
Street Journal,October 4, 1994, p. B4; “Supermarkets Mimic Warehouse
Clubs,” Advertising Age,July 12, 1993, p. 20; “Supermarkets Want to Join
the Club,” Adweek,July 5, 1993, p. 10; “Supermarkets Can Beat Ware-
house Clubs, but Not on Price Alone,” Brandweek,January 4, 1993, p. 25.
10.“Catalog Showrooms Revamp to Keep Their Identity,” Business
Week,Industrial/Technology Edition, June 10, 1985, pp. 117–20;
Pradeep K. Korgaonkar, “Consumer Preferences for Catalog Showrooms
and Discount Stores,” Journal of Retailing,Fall 1982, pp. 76–88.
11.For more on Wal-Mart and Kmart, see Chapter 18, footnote #1.
For more on Target, see “Why Is Target So Cool,” DSN Retailing Today,
April 2, 2001, p. A4; “Special Report: Target,” DSN Retailing Today,
April 2, 2001, pp. 43–64; “Marketer of the Year: On Target,” Advertising
Age, December 11, 2000, p. 1ff.; “Special Report: Target,” DSN Retailing
Today, July 24, 2000, pp. 45–72; “How Target Got Hot,” Fortune, May
24, 1999, pp. 169–74; “Power Retailer: Target,” Discount Store News,
April 19, 1999, pp. 53–86; “Power Retailer: Target,” Discount Store News,
April 6, 1998, pp. 59–96. See also James Reardon, Ron Hasty, and Bar-
bara Coe, “The Effect of Information Technology on Productivity in
Retailing,” Journal of Retailing, Winter 1996, pp. 445–61; Christopher D.
Norek, “Mass Merchant Discounters: Drivers of Logistics Change,” Jour-
nal of Business Logistics, 1997, pp. 1–17.
12.“Super Stores: Land for Plenty,” Raleigh News & Observer, March 3,
2001, p. 1Dff.; “SuperTarget Grows Grocery,” Discount Store News,
March 20, 2000, p. 1ff.; “Target’s Aim: Bring Fashion to Food on a
National Scale,” The Wall Street Journal,March 1, 2000, p. B4; “How
Grocers Are Fighting Giant Rivals,” The Wall Street Journal,March 27,
1997, p. B1ff.; “Wal-Mart’s Super Day: 23 Supercenters in 14 States,”
Discount Store News,February 6, 1995, p. 1ff.
13.“Warehouse Clubs: When the Going Gets Tough...,” Business
Week,July 16, 2001, p. 60; “BJ’s Wholesale Club: Exclusive Club Has
Retailer Raising the Stakes,” Investor’s Business Daily, February 28, 2001,
p. A12; “Costco’s In-Store Foodservice Operations Add Relish to the
Company’s Overall Sales,” DSN Retailing Today, January 22, 2001, p. 24;
“Gasoline Fuels Heavier Traffic at Clubs,” DSN Retailing Today, January
1, 2001, p. 7; “Costco Cooks Up Factory Concept,” DSN Retailing Today,
November 6, 2000, p. 3ff.; “Costco to Bridge Coastal Presence with
Aggressive 3-Year Plan,” DSN Retailing Today, October 23, 2000, p. 1ff.;
“Sharpening Its Razor-Thin Margins Is Costco’s Way of Doing Business,”
Investor’s Business Daily, April 13, 2000, p. A1; “Inside the Cult of
Costco,” Fortune, September 6, 1999, pp. 184–90; “Why Sam’s Wants
Businesses to Join the Club,” Business Week,June 27, 1994, p. 48; “Ware-
house-Club War Leaves Few Standing, and They Are Bruised,” The Wall
Street Journal,November 18, 1993, p. A1ff.
14.“Category Killers Go from Lethal to Lame in the Space of a
Decade,” The Wall Street Journal,March 9, 2000, p. A1ff.; “U.S. Super-
stores Find Japanese Are a Hard Sell,” The Wall Street Journal,February
14, 2000, p. B1ff.; “Look Who’s Thinking Small,” Business Week,May
17, 1999, pp. 66–70; “Office-Supply Superstores Find Bounty in the
Boonies,” The Wall Street Journal,September 1, 1998, p. B1ff.; “Health-
Care Superstores Experience Growing Pains,” The Wall Street Journal,
May 12, 1997, p. B1ff.; “New Sneaker Superstores Aim to Step on Their
Competition,” The Wall Street Journal,March 19, 1997, p. B1ff.; “Bridal
Superstores Woo Couples with Miles of Gowns and Tuxes,” The Wall
Street Journal,February 14, 1996, p. B1ff.; “Superstore Sells Every Neces-
sity for Reading, ‘Riting, ‘Rithmetic,” The Wall Street Journal,May 16,
1994, p. B1ff.; “This Do-It-Yourself Store Is Really Doing It,” Business
Week,May 2, 1994, p. 108; “Pet Superstores Collar Customers from
Supermarkets, Small Shops,” The Wall Street Journal,November 18,
1993, p. B12.
15.For more on 7-Eleven in Japan, see “From Convenience Store to
Online Behemoth?” Business Week,April 10, 2000, p. 64; “Japan Goes
Web Crazy,” Fortune, February 7, 2000, pp. 115–18; “Seven-Eleven
Japan, Sony Set E-Commerce Plan,” The Wall Street Journal,January 7,
2000, p. A13; “In Japan, the Hub of E-Commerce Is a 7-Eleven,” The
Wall Street Journal,November 1, 1999, p. B1ff. For more on 7-Eleven in
the U.S., see “New Banking Hours: From 7 a.m. to 11 p.m.,” Newsweek,
May 7, 2001, p. 79; “7-Eleven Kiosk Program Banks on Shifts in Strat-
egy,” DSN Retailing Today, March 19, 2001, p. 2; “Mobile Phone with
That Slurpee? Holiday Shoppers Buy on the Run,” USA Today, Decem-
ber 15, 2000, p. 1B; “Now at 7-Eleven: Gas, Food and Christmas
Shopping,” The Wall Street Journal,November 28, 2000, p. B1ff.; “New
7-Eleven Kiosks Bring On-Line Transactions Home,” Discount Store
News, February 21, 2000, p. 2ff.; “7-Eleven Stores Face Fresh Food Show-
down,” Brandweek,February 28, 1994, p. 1ff.
16.“Kodak Rages in Favor of the Machines,” Brandweek, February 26,
2001, p. 6; “Push-Button Lover,” The Economist,November 16, 1991, p.
88; “Machines Start New Fast-Food Era,” USA Today,July 19, 1991, pp.
1B–2B; “High-Tech Vending Machines Cook Up a New Menu of Hot
Fast-Food Entrees,” The Wall Street Journal,May 13, 1991, p. B1ff.
17.“New Page in E-Retailing: Catalogs,” The Wall Street Journal,
November 30, 2000, p. B1ff.; “Beyond Mail Order: Catalogs Now Sell
Image, Advice,” The Wall Street Journal,July 29, 1997, p. B1ff.; “Cata-
logers Expand in Asia,” USA Today,October 18, 1996, p. 4B; “Spiegel’s
Book Is a Real Page-Turner,” Business Week,September 12, 1994, pp.