32
Translational Science and Personalized Medicine
Translational science or medicine means applications of research fi ndings for
improving healthcare and is an important aspect of personalized medicine. It is
defi ned as:
- T1 or translational phase 1 begins the translation journey from bench to bedside
to community. During this phase, researchers usually conduct preclinical studies
and phase I and II clinical trials. - T2 expands discovery to larger patient populations in phase III and IV clinical
trials, observational studies, and even some survey research. - T3 launches the practice-oriented stage of translational research by implement-
ing it to fi nd out if a certain treatment or practice works in a real-world setting. - T4 focuses on policy. If T1-T3 were successful, the next step is to fi nd the best
method of reaching clinicians and patients with a nationwide policy concerning
treatment X or strategy Y.
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1 Basic Aspects