123634.4.4.2.3 Constant Q versus Variable Q Equalizers............................................... 1287
34.4.4.3 Parametric Equalizers............................................................ 1287
34.4.4.4 Digital and DSP Equalizers........................................................ 1287
34.4.4.5 High-Pass and Low-Pass Filters.................................................... 1288
34.4.4.6 Delay......................................................................... 1288
34.4.4.7 Electronic Crossovers............................................................ 1288
34.4.5 Digital Signal Processing............................................................. 1288
34.4.5.1 Multifunction DSP.............................................................. 1288
34.4.5.2 Power Amplifier DSP............................................................ 1288
34.4.5.3 Loudspeaker Processing DSP...................................................... 1288
34.4.5.4 Multifunction DSP in Sound Reinforcement System Design.............................. 128 9
34.4.6 Digital Audio Networking............................................................ 1290
34.4.7 Power Amplifiers................................................................... 1290
34.4.8 Pads and Transformers............................................................... 1291
34.4.9 70.7 Volt /100 Volt System Design..................................................... 1291
34.4.9.1 70 V Transformers.............................................................. 1291
34.4.9.2 Designing a 70 V System......................................................... 1292
34.5 System Installation and Commissioning.................................................... 1292
34.5.1 What Is Commissioning?............................................................. 1292
34.5.1.1 Step 1—Test All Components..................................................... 1292
34.5.1.2 Step 2—Adjust the Electronics..................................................... 1292
34.5.1.3 Step 3—System Adjustments and Equalization........................................ 1292
34.5.1.4 Connectors and Cabling.......................................................... 1292
34.5.1.4.1 General Notes on Cable............................................................. 1292
34.5.1.4.2 General Notes on Connectors........................................................ 1293
34.5.1.4.3 XLR-Type Connection.............................................................. 1293
34.5.1.4.4 Phone Plugs...................................................................... 1293
34.5.1.4.5 RCA-Type Phono Plugs............................................................. 1293
34.5.1.4.6 Barrier Block Connectors........................................................... 1293
34.5.1.4.7 CAT 5 Connectors................................................................. 1293
34.5.1.4.8 Cable and Connectors for Microphones and Other Low-Level Devices........................ 129 4
34.5.1.4.9 Microphone Snake Cables........................................................... 1295
34.5.1.4.10 Cable and Connectors for Line-Level Devices.......................................... 1295
34.5.1.4.11 Cable and Connectors for Loudspeakers............................................... 1295
34.5.1.5 Cable and Connectors for Digital Audio Devices....................................... 1296
34.5.1.6 Understanding Balanced and Unbalanced Lines........................................ 1296
34.5.1.7 Impedance and Level Watching.................................................... 1296
34.5.1.7.1 Terms: Source, Input, Output, Load................................................... 1296
34.5.1.7.2 Impedance Compatibility............................................................ 1297
34.5.1.7.3 Passive Devices................................................................... 1297
34.5.1.7.4 Passive Sources................................................................... 1297
34.5.1.7.5 Active Devices.................................................................... 1298
34.5.1.7.6 Active Sources.................................................................... 1298
34.5.1.7.7 Impedance and Cable Length........................................................ 1298
34.5.1.7.8 Signal-Level Compatibility.......................................................... 1298
34.5.1.7.9 The dBV Specification............................................................. 1300
34.5.1.7.10 Impedance and Power Transfer...................................................... 1300
34.5.1.8 Digital Audio Level and Impedance Watching......................................... 1301
34.5.1.9 Grounding and Shielding (also see Chapter 32)........................................ 1301
34.5.1.9.1 Grounding for Safety............................................................... 1302