A44 ENDNOTES
- Morris Fiorina, Congress: Keystone of the Washington Estab-
lishment, rev. ed. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989). - John McCain, “Remarks by Senator John McCain on
the Conference Report of the FY2012 Omnibus Appro-
priations Bill,” December 16, 2011, http://mccain.sen-
ate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressOffice.
PressReleases&ContentRecord_id=48f0c068-a39a-0237-
fb 09-7faf7546fb 90 (accessed 12/19/12). - Jonathan Weisman and Jim VandeHei, “Road Bill Refl ects
the Power of Pork: White House Drops Eff ort to Rein in Hill,”
Washington Post, August 11, 2005, p. A1. - Republicans imposed an important qualifi cation to the norm
in 1995 when they set a six-year term limit for committee and
subcommittee chairs. - David Rohde and John Aldrich, “The Transition to Republican
Rule in the House: Implications for Theories of Congressional
Politics,” Political Science Quarterly 112, no. 4 (Winter 1997–
98): 541–67. - Nelson W. Polsby, Congress and the Presidency, 4th ed. (Engle-
wood Cliff s, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1986), p. 111. - CBS News, “Obama: Fundraiser-in-Chief,” August 5, 2010, www
.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id-6747632n (accessed 8/18/10). - David E. Price, “Congressional Committees in the Policy Pro-
cess,” in Congress Reconsidered, 3rd ed., ed. Lawrence C. Dodd
and Bruce I. Oppenheimer (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 1985),
pp. 161–88. - Barbara Sinclair, Unorthodox Lawmaking (Washington, DC:
CQ Press, 2000), p. xiv. - Sinclair, Unorthodox Lawmaking, p. 59.
- Kenneth Chamberlain, “Government Shutdown Scares
through the Years,” National Journal, December 14, 2011,
http://www.nationaljournal.com/congress/government-shutdown-
scares-through-the-years-20111214 (accessed 12/19/11). - Dafne Eviatar, “Patriot Act Renewal Kicks Off over Party
Lines,” Washington Independent, September 23, 2009, http://
washingtonindependent.com/60575/debate-over-patriot
-act-renewal-kicks-off -over-party-lines (accessed 12/19/11). - CNN Wire Staff , “Holder to Critics: Have You No Shame?”
December 8, 2011, http://articles.cnn.com/2011-12-08/
politics/politics_congress-fast-and-furious_1_operation
-fast-and-furious-darrell-issa-gop-critics?_s=PM:POLITICS
(accessed 12/19/11). - Mathew McCubbins and Thomas Schwartz, “Congressio-
nal Oversight Overlooked: Police Patrol versus Fire Alarm,”
American Journal of Political Science 28, no. 1 (February
1984): 165–77. - Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha, 462 U.S.
919 (1983). - Louis Fisher, “Legislative Vetoes after Chadha,” Congressional
Research Service Report RS22132, Washington, D.C., May 2,
2005, http://www.loufi sher.org/docs/lv/4116.pdf (accessed 12/20/11).
You Decide
a. This fi gure comes from a report by the Citizens against Govern-
ment Waste, “Pork Alert: Defense Conference Report LoadedCHAPTER 9
- See Paul Gronke, The Electorate, the Campaign, and the Offi ce:
A Unifi ed Approach to Senate and House Elections (Ann Arbor:
University of Michigan Press, 2000), for research showing
that House and Senate elections have many similar character-
istics. See Richard F. Fenno, Senators on the Campaign Trail:
The Politics of Representation (Norman: University of Okla-
homa Press, 1996), for a good general discussion of Senate
elections. - Claudine Gay, “Spirals of Trust? The Eff ect of Descriptive
Representation on the Relationship between Citizens and
Their Government,” American Journal of Political Science 46,
no. 4 (October 2002): 717–32; Katherine Tate, Black Faces in
the Mirror: African Americans and Their Representatives in
the U.S. Congress (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press,
2003), Chap. 7. However, Tate shows that African Americans
who are represented by African Americans in Congress are
not any more likely to vote, be involved in politics, or have
higher overall approval rates of Congress than African Ameri-
cans who are not descriptively represented. - R. Douglas Arnold, The Logic of Congressional Action (New
Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990), pp. 60–71. - David R. Mayhew, Congress: The Electoral Connection (New
Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1974). - Mayhew, Congress, p. 17.
- Sean Trende, “In Pennsylvania, the Gerrymander of the
Decade?” RealClearPolitics, December 14, 2011, http://www.realclear
politics.com/articles/2011/12/14/in_pennsylvaniathe
gerrymander_of_the_decade_112404.html (accessed 12/20/11);
Dennis Byrne, “GOP Can’t Catch a Break on Fairness,” Chicago
Tribune, December 20, 2011, http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/
opinion/ct-oped-1220-byrne-20111220,0,7120320.column
(accessed 12/20/11). - Dan Eggen, “Justice Staff Saw Texas Districting as Illegal: Vot-
ing Rights Finding on Map Pushed by DeLay Was Overruled,”
Washington Post, December 2, 2005, p. A1. The court case is
League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry, 547 U.S.
(2006). - All poll data are from PollingReport.com (www.pollingreport.
com). - Mark J. Rozell, “Press Coverage of Congress, 1946–1992,” in
Congress, the Press, and the Public, ed. Thomas E. Mann and
Norman J. Ornstein (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution
Press, 1994), p. 110. - R. Douglas Arnold, Congress, the Press, and Political Account-
ability (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004),
p. 80. - See Kenneth R. Mayer and David T. Canon, The Dysfunctional
Congress: The Individual Roots of an Institutional Dilemma,
2nd ed. (New York: Columbia University Press, 2011), for an
extended discussion of this argument. - Gary C. Jacobson, The Politics of Congressional Elections,
5th ed. (New York: Longman, 2001), pp. 24–30. - Richard F. Fenno, Home Style: House Members in Their Dis-
tricts (Boston: Little, Brown, 1978).