INDEX A73mandatory spending, 439, 440
manufacturing, 31
Mapp, Dollree, 95
Mapp v. Ohio, 96
Marbury, William, 358–59
Marbury v. Madison, 42, 358–59, 359
Marbut, Gary, 74
March on Washing ton, 400, 402
marginal tax rate, 427
marijuana, 57, 78, 79, 81
see also drugs, medical use of illegal
Marines, U.S., 7
market-based solutions, 459
markups, 281
marriage, 12, 62, 62
gay, see gays, gay rights, marriage and
interracial, 393
Marshall, John, 42, 359
judicial review established by, 359
Marbury v. Madison and, 358–59
Marshall Plan, 473
Maryland, 63
school desegregation in, 404
Mason, George, 37, 92
Massachusetts, 27, 37, 103, 194, 420
mass associations, 233
mass media, 145
see also media
mass protests, 242, 243
mass surveys, 135–36
Matthew Shepard and James Byrd,
Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act
(2009), 414
Mayhew, David, 262–63
Meat Inspection Act (1906), 332
media, 145–54, 237
campaign advertising in, 206–7, 209,
243, 246
classifi ed information and, 102, 119
comparing diff erences in sources of,
145–48
Congress and, 267
corporate ownership in, 151, 152
deregulation of, 151–52
digital, 146
eff ects and biases in infl uencing citizens,
152–53
election coverage and, 192, 204, 206
foreign policy and infl uence of, 480
going public and, 310
Internet-based news sources in,
146–50, 154
Internet evolution as transforming
information gathering and, 148–50,
154, 206
Iraq War and, 149, 152
knowledge levels of individuals vs. their
primary sources of, 147
in lobbying campaigns, 237, 242, 246
mainstream sources of, 145–48
news, 145–53, 154
politics and, 12
public opinion and, 145, 480
public policy and, 153, 154
regulation of, 14, 98, 150–52
violence and, 14
see also newspapers; publishing; specifi c
media outlets
media conglomerates, 151, 152
media eff ects, 152–53
Medicaid, 55, 56, 73, 75, 79, 168, 356, 431, 433,
450, 450, 452, 455, 456–57
defi nition of, 456
fi scal problems of, 456–57
government spending on, 456–57
states’ discretionary power over, 456
Medicare, 23, 168, 431, 434, 439, 440, 450,
450, 451, 452, 455–59
coverage and premiums of, 456
defi nition of, 455–56
fi scal problems of, 456–57, 458
organ transplants and, 327
Prescription Drug Benefi t, 248, 329, 334,
428
Medicare Trustees report, 456–57
melting pot, 16
Merrill Lynch, 445
Mexican Americans, 394–95, 395, 419
Mexican-American War, 295, 302, 394, 471
Mexico, 471, 485, 486
U.S. barrier on border with, 419
Mica, John, 328
Michigan, 62
affi rmative action in, 417, 420
Michigan, University of, 100, 417, 418, 420
Microsoft, 444
Middle East, 304, 469, 476, 481, 483, 488
milblogging, 149
military, U.S., 6–7, 8, 9, 59, 98, 107, 109, 137,
137, 175, 293–94, 347, 467–68, 467,
469, 471, 473, 474, 477, 485, 486
control of, 38, 40–41
desegregation of, 394, 415
foreign policy and role of, 476, 483–84,
483, 487
gays in, 133, 133, 414–15, 414, 419
humanitarian and peacekeeping
missions of, 476, 483–84, 487
pay increase for, 325
Revolutionary-era support of, 26
troop surge and, 483
see also specifi c branches
Military Commissions Act (2006), 298
military funerals, protests of, 89–90
military tribunals, 298
militias, state, 109
Miller, Joe, 183, 195
Miller test, 104
”Millionaires” Amendment, 100
millionaire’s tax, 425–26
Minerals Management Service, 326
minimum wage, 75
Minnesota, 101
2008 Senate race in, 196
minority-owned business, 328
minority rights, 16
Constitutional Convention and, 31, 33
minor political parties, 182–85, 184
signature requirements for presidential
candidates of, 193
minors, 116
Miranda, Ernesto, 113Miranda rights, 113, 114
Misery Index, 435
Mississippi, 117
black voting in, 412
civil rights movement in, 402
slavery in, 392
Missouri, 77, 404
separate but equal doctrine in, 403–4
Missouri Compromise (1820), 65, 65, 392
Missouri Plan, 367
mobilization, 204, 212–13
moderates, 139, 140
modifi ed rules, 286
monarchy, 6, 25, 27, 28
monetarist theory, 441–42
monetary policy, 429, 433, 440–44
money, coining of, 257
Monkey Cage ( blog), 148
monopolies, 63–64, 95, 444
price regulations of, 444
Monroe, James, 295, 471
Monroe Doctrine, 295, 471
Montana, 109, 198, 295
Montgomery, Ala., 402
bus boycott in, 401
mootness, 373
Mormons, 106, 107
Morrill Act (1862), 461
mortgage crisis, 442–43, 445–47
most-favored nation status, 485
motivations, for employment, 339
Motor Voter Act (1993), 73, 213
MoveOn.org, 170
multiculturalism, 16, 418–19
multilateral action, 469, 470, 474
multilateral agreements, 487
multilateral organizations, 59–60
Murkowski, Lisa, 195
mutually assured destruction, 473
Myanmar, 476NA ACP, see National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People
Nader, Ralph, 182, 184, 184
Nadler, Jerrold, 285
NASA, see National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA), 9
bureaucratic control and, 343
Johnson Space Center of, 342
number of employees in, 338
National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NA ACP), 403
National Association of Realtors, 240
National Beer Wholesalers Association
(NBWA), 238
national committees, 169, 208–9
National Defense Authorization Act (2010),
273
National Democratic Institute, 481
National Economic Council (NEC), 431
National Election Study, American (NES),
136
National Forest Service, 277
National Guard, U.S., 7, 74, 109, 414, 487–88