A74 INDEX
National Highway Traffi c Safety
Administration (NHTSA), 444
National Independent Automobile Dealers
Association (NADA), 232
National Institutes of Health, 328, 436
nationalized elections, 215–16
National Labor Relations Act (1935), 65, 449
National Labor Relations Board v. Jones &
Laughlin Steel Corporation, 65, 67
National Organization for Women (NOW),
412
national origins discrimination, 413
National Public Radio (NPR), 146, 147
National Recovery Administration (NRA),
449
National Republican Congressional
Committee (NRCC), 172
National Republican Senatorial Committee
(NRSC), 172
National Review, 148
National Review Online, 148
Nationa l Rifl e Association (NR A), 109, 230,
231, 231, 232, 236, 241, 249
National Right to Life Committee, 232
National Science Foundation, 436
national security, 91
National Security Agency (NSA), 112–13, 477
National Security Council (NSC), 475
national supremacy, 65, 68, 72–74
national supremacy clause, 34
National Turkey Federation, 248, 249
National Weather Service, 13
Nation of Islam, 16
Native Americans:
civil rights of, 391, 392, 394, 415, 416
reservations and, 394
natural rights, constitutional importance
of, 29
Navy, U.S., 7, 471, 476
Nazis, 101
NBC, 146, 152
Near v. Minnesota, 96, 101
Nebraska, 198
necessary and proper clause, 40, 47, 49, 56,
60, 65
negative campaigning, 206–7, 207
Netherlands, 486
neutrality, Monroe Doctrine and, 295
Nevada Department of Human Resources v.
Hibbs, 77
New Deal, 23, 67, 68, 70, 167, 167, 258, 296,
297, 432, 449
eff ects on bureaucracy of, 333
social policies enacted by, 449
Supreme Court and, 368, 382
New Deal Coalition, 167
New Federalism, 70–72, 70
New Hampshire, 27, 37, 197
New Jersey, 64
New York’s disagreement with, 372
New Jersey Plan, 32, 42
New London, Conn., 114
New Mexico, 107
New Orleans, La., 349
News Corporation, 151, 152
news cycle, 146
Newshour, 147
news media, see media, news
newspapers, 145, 154
corporate ownership of, 151, 152
knowledge levels in readers of, 147
media eff ects and biases in, 152–53
online sites for, 147, 148
Newsweek, 145
New York, N.Y., 29, 65, 103, 166, 166
New York state, 27, 37, 62, 63–64, 67
New Jersey’s disagreement with, 372
New York State Board of Regents, 105
New York Times, 102, 145, 147, 405, 446
New Zealand, 486
Nicaragua, 41, 471
Nineteenth Amendment, 44, 46, 396
Ninth Amendment, 94, 96, 116
Nixon, Jay, 57
Nixon, Richard, 70
affi rmative action and, 414, 416
approval ratings of, 309
executive privilege used by, 308
foreign policy of, 296–97, 473
as vice president, 313
Watergate and, 308, 376, 381
No Child Left Behind Act (2001), 74 , 297, 334,
433, 461
nominating conventions, 178–79, 196, 197–98
nominations, 193–94, 196–98
noncontributory social policy, 450
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 481
nonviolent protest, 401–3
normal elections, 214–16
North:
Constitutional Convention and, 30,
34–36
economic interests of, 30
slavery and, 34–36, 95, 98, 392
North America, 471
North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA), 297, 474, 485
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO),
59–60, 347, 471, 473, 481, 487
North Carolina, 38, 198, 265
12th District in, 407
Northern Mariana Islands, 364
Northern Securities Company, 295–96
North Vietnam, 296–97, 473
Norway, 486
notice and comment procedure, 326
nuclear weapons, 469, 485
and threat of mutually assured
destruction, 473
nullifi cation, 64
NumbersUSA , 232Obama, Barack, 3, 11, 17, 55, 56, 57, 73, 81, 125,
136, 149, 163, 174, 181, 183, 184, 185,
191, 192, 202, 204, 207, 217, 218,
249, 273, 274, 287, 293–94, 297,
303, 308, 309, 310, 311, 313, 316,
318, 319, 323–24, 323, 342, 347, 364,
371, 390, 396, 403, 415, 419, 443,
455, 461, 471, 474, 476, 480, 481,
482, 488
Afghanistan war and, 467–68, 467
appointments made by, 300
approval ratings of, 316civil rights and, 414, 415
Congress and, 40, 255
economic policy and, 431, 447
education and, 433
executive orders of, 301
federal campaign funding and, 209, 217
foreign policy of, 304, 482
as “Fundraiser-in-Chief,” 276
G. W. Bush’s policies and, 482
health care reform and, 23, 131, 134, 181,
305, 310, 311, 334, 450, 458–59
and Iraq, 304
judges appointed by, 370, 372
millionaire’s tax called by, 425–26
as party leader, 306, 310
Race to the Top program and, 433, 461
in 2008 Democratic primaries, 183, 217
2008 election results of, 132, 175,
200, 217
and 2010 elections, 276, 310
in 2012 elections, 197, 198, 200, 415, 425
unilateral actions of, 318
War on Terror and, 469
Obey, David R ., 273
obscenity, 101, 103–4, 108
Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA), 348, 445
Occupy Wall Street, 148, 149, 229, 229,
402–3, 434
O’Connor, Sandra Day, 81, 118
expertise of, 377
replacement of, 380
O’Donnell, Christine, 183
Offi ce of Management and Budget (OMB), 311,
313, 335, 431, 475
Offi ce of National Drug Control Policy
(ONDCP), 312
Offi ce of the United States Trade
Representative (USTR), 311, 313,
431, 475
Ohio, 107, 198
oil, foreign, 473–74
Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance
(OA SDI ), 453
omnibus legislation, 285
open market operations, 442
open (“crossover”) primary, 178, 194
open rules, 286
open seat, 202
Open Society Institute, 481
opinion writing, in Supreme Court, 375,
377–78
opposition research, 206
oral argument, in Supreme Court, 376–77, 376
Oregon, 81, 107, 117–18, 295, 459
Oregon Treaty, 295
O’Reilly Factor, The, 147
Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD), 487
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC), 474
organ transplants, 327
Outback Steakhouse, 410
outside strategies, 239, 242–46
oversight, congressional, 337, 344–45
ownership society, 450, 450
Oxfam International, 481