INDEX A77judges appointed by, 369
social policies of, 450
Reagan Revolution, 333, 334
realignments, in party systems, 168–69
realism, 469, 469, 470–71, 472, 487–88
reasonable basis test, 405, 408, 410
reasonable vote, 213–14
recess appointments, 300
recession, 447, 459, 474
Keynesian economic theory for
softening of, 437
Reconstruction, 66, 67, 167, 287, 358, 393
redistribution, fi scal policy’s nature of, 14,
134, 439–40, 441
redistricting, 263–66
”red states,” 14, 17
red tape, bureaucracy and, 329
reductions in force (RIF), 340–41
Reed, Stanley, 377–78
reelection:
EOP role in, 312
presidential approval and, 309, 309
Reform Party, U.S., 184, 196
regional primaries, 196–97
regions, political diff erences among, 30,
131–32, 134
regressive taxes, 439, 440
regulation, 326–28, 327, 439
of banking system, 440–42, 444
business, 13, 13, 14, 59, 67, 75, 295–96,
326
campaign fi nance, 207–12, 208, 209, 211,
236, 244
civil service, 339–41
commerce, 9, 59, 60, 63–64, 65, 67,
77–78, 77, 10 7, 3 2 7, 4 4 4
currency, 9
drug, 81, 327–28, 329, 330–31
economic eff ects of, 444–45
economic vs. social, 444–45
environmental, 75, 444–45, 446, 446
everyday life aff ected by, 13, 327–28, 327
extent of, 297
free market, 9, 436, 444
ideological views on, 14, 16, 79
Internet, 104
of lobbying groups, 236, 244
media, 14, 101–2, 103, 150–52
notice and comment procedure and, 326
role in coercive federalism of, 73
state power over, 75, 82
trade, 9, 59
of water safety, 444
Rehnquist, William, 81
Reid, Harry, 276
religion, 77
government and, 104–9
political affi liation and, 174, 176
political confl ict as a result of, 14
political infl uence of, 14, 128, 129, 130
see also freedom of religion
religious discrimination, 413
religious displays, 14, 104, 105, 106
Religious Freedom Restoration Act (1993),
77, 107
remedial legislation, 76
reporters, see journalists; media
republican democracy, 6, 28, 31
Republican Governors’ Association, 170
republicanism, 28
Republican Lawyers’ Organization, 170
Republican National Committee (RNC),
170 –7 1
Republican Party, U.S., 12, 24, 132, 143,
161–62, 163–64, 192, 295–96,
342, 371
affi liations by race and gender with, 16,
16, 176
as brand name, 170, 204
bureaucratic control and, 348
campaign fundraising and support
provided by, 179, 180
Civil War amendments passed by, 393
congressional conference of, 171–72
culture wars refl ected in election results
of, 14
economic policy and, 435, 446
formation of, 295
founding and history of, 164–68, 164
gay marriage and, 144
global warming and, 144
House controlled by, 74, 305, 312, 334
identifi cation with, 12, 14, 16, 16, 17, 129,
130, 132, 140, 140
ideolog y and, 14, 16, 17, 81, 172–73,
172, 180
Latinos in, 395, 415
limited federal government and, 72
limited government and, 426
New Deal opposed by, 333
party coalitions in, 174–75, 176
party identifi cation in electorate of,
173 –74 , 175
party in government of, 171–73
party organizations of, 169–71
position on regulation of, 14, 169
position on spending of, 14
position on taxes of, 14, 428, 437, 439
poverty rates under leadership of, 452
presidential platforms of, 179–80
Senate controlled by, 297, 305, 312, 334,
372
smaller federal government favored by,
167, 168, 169
social policy approaches favored by, 452,
455, 460
see also elections, U.S.
research and development, 328
reservations, Native American, 394
reserved powers, 34
reserve requirement, 442
resources, national distribution of, 82–83
see also spending
Respect for Fallen American Heroes Act, 89
RESPECT project, 461
restaurants, desegregation of, 401–2, 405
restrictive covenants, 404
retirement age, 453, 455
retrospective evaluations, 193, 213, 214
reverse discrimination, 374
revisionary power, 358
see also judicial reviewRevolutionary War, 359
government during, 25–26
infl uence on Constitutional Convention
of, 25, 27, 28, 31
revolving door, 235, 237
Rhode Island, 32, 37
Richmond, Va., 416
right to bear arms, 96, 96, 109–10
right to die, 117–18, 129, 459
right to petition, 96, 96, 108
ripeness, 374–75
R. J. Reynolds, 103
Roberts, John G., 81 370, 375, 376, 380, 381
Robinson, Jackie, 394
Robinson v. California, 96
robo-polls, 137
Roe v. Wade, 117
roll call votes, 274
Rolling Stone, 467
Romney, Mitt, 17, 135, 174, 191, 192, 197, 200,
207, 415, 425, 440
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 449
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 68, 167, 167, 296, 297,
333, 355, 432, 449
court-packing plan of, 368
Supreme Court switch and, 382
Roosevelt, Theodore, 23, 295–96, 455
Ross, Gary, 414, 415
Rove, Karl, 342
Ruby Tuesday, 410
rules, infl uence on political process of,
9, 12, 24
rules and regulations, bureaucracy and, 349
runoff elections, 195
Rush Limbaugh Show, The, 147
Russia, 481, 482
nuclear weapons of, 473
Rutledge, Justice, 358
Rwanda, 297
Ryan, Paul, 425same-sex marriage, 14, 16, 23, 44, 45, 62, 62,
79, 125, 126, 144, 194, 355, 396, 399,
410–11, 414, 414, 419
samples:
random, 135, 135, 136
survey, 135, 135
sampling error, 135
Sandanistas, 41
Sanders, Bernard, 284
Santorum, Rick, 192, 197
Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002), 334
satellite television, 151
Scalia, Antonin, 81, 356, 376, 377, 380, 381
Schattschneider, E. E., 10
Schenk, Charles, 98–99
Schiavo, Michael, 117
Schiavo, Terri, 117
Schilb v. Kuebel, 96
school desegregation, 382, 399, 401,
403–5, 414
Brown I and, 382, 394, 401, 404
Brown II and, 394, 404
busing and, 405, 410
school prayer, 14, 45, 105, 381, 382
school vouchers, 14, 17