Audio Engineering

Index 901

DTS , 589
MPEG AAC , 589
MPEG systems , 620
layers , 622–625
MPEG-4 , 589
audio scenes , 592
SAOL , 591–592
structured audio , 590–591
Multiplexing , 424
Multiply Accumulate (MAC)
function , 799
Multiplying digital-to-analogue
converters (M-DACs) ,
274–275
Multisession CD , 613 , 616
Multitrack hard-disk recording ,
599
Music power rating , 144
MUSICAM process , 494 , 586

N
Nanofarad , 123
Negative feedback (NFB) , 367
and amplifi er stability , 367–377
linearity maximization, before
feedback , 378
maximization of , 377–378
in power amplifi ers , 330
common misconceptions
about , 332–334
Nested differentiating feedback
loops , 325
Neumann, John von , 799
Nexsys , 279
NeXT ’ format , 601
Noise , 411–412 , 416
control , 842
external airborne noise , 845
internal noise transfer ,
846–847
internally and locally
generated noise , 845
sound insulation , 847–854
and grounding , 381

amplifi er grounding ,

390–392

audio amplifi er printed

circuit board design ,

381–390

Class I and Class II

equipments , 400–401

ground loops , 393–400

mechanical layout and

design considerations ,

401–406

Noise criterion (NC) , 842–844

Noise levels , 197–198

Noise rating (NR) , 842

Noise shaping , 494 , 518–520

Nondrop-frame time code , 839

Nonrecursive fi lter , 801

Nonswitching amplifi ers , 323

NTSC , 839–840

and PAL color television

systems , 818–823

Nyquist’s sampling theorem , 478

O

Ohm’s law , 47 , 119

One-pole, four-way rotary switch ,

134

Onyx , 594

Open-backed headphones , 742

Open reel digital recorder ,

554–556

Operating bias, control of ,

286–288

Operational amplifi ers (op-amps) ,

118

Optical readout system , 506–508

Optical recording , 529–532

Opto-electronic level indication ,

767–768

Ortofon , 176

MCA-76 head amplifi er , 177

Outdoor acoustics , 98–102

Output devices, mounting of ,

383–384

Output load impedance, effect of ,

364–365

Output power , 365

Output transformer , 360–364

Output voltage characteristics ,

198–200

Oval window , 8

Overcurrent protection , 152–153

Oversampling , 513 , 514 , 516–517

techniques , 492–494

P

Packet writing , see Incremental

writing

Pan control , 773

Panel/membrane absorbers ,

862–863 , 864

Parallel digital interface , 829–831

Parallel T network , 880

Parallel transmission , 448 , 449

Paralleled input transistors,

systems using , 176–178

Parametric equalizer controls ,

224 , 231 , 233

Passive crossover networks , 714 ,

715 , 722–723 , 728–729

Passive equalizer circuit , 786 , 787

Passive tone control , 225

PCA (program calibration area) ,

616

Peak program meter (PPM) , 31

dynamic performance , 766–767

meter , 765–766

Peak-shift distortion , 529

Pentodes , 343–346

Perceptual subband audio

encoder , 622

Performance standards , 209

ICs, use of , 209–211

modern standards , 211–212

Periodic signal , 5

Peripheral Component

Interconnect (PCI) bus , 603

vs. ISA bus , 602–603