OCD3 390 – 391, J.B. Salmon; BAGRW 58-D2; BNP 3 (2003) 797–804, Y. Lafond and
E. Wirbelauer.
D, E, N, P.
Crete/Kre ̄te ̄: largest Greek island (fifth-largest Mediterranean island), on important
sea-routes linking Greece to Cyprus and Egypt; the Greek inhabitants in the historic
period were predominantly Dorian, living in many small towns with constitutions resem-
bling Sparta’s. Internal conflict was led by Gortuna and Kno ̄ssos, and influenced by
Pergamon, the Ptolemies, and the Seleukids; inhabitants often served as mercenaries
abroad. Philip V of Macedon encouraged piratical activity to subvert Rhodes. Subdued
by Caecilius and annexed by Rome in 69– 67 BCE. OCD3 408 – 409, W.A. Laidlaw et al.;
BAGWR 60; BNP 3 (2003) 934–939, J. Niehoff.
Sites: Gortuna, Khersone ̄sos, Kno ̄ssos.
People: A ( ), E, E, F,
H “K” (?), N, P .
Croton ⇒ Kroto ̄n
Cyprus/Kupros: third largest Mediterranean island, dry but fertile, forested in antiquity,
rich in copper and salt; under Greek influence from ca 1400 BCE, and colonized from ca
1200 BCE by Peloponnesians; under Egypt from ca 600 BCE. Composed of many small
kingdoms, which were subjected to the Ptolemies from 294 BCE until annexed by Rome
58 BCE. The Jewish revolt (“Kitos” War) in 115– 117 CE destroyed Salamis (cf. Alexandria,
Edessa, Kure ̄ne ̄, and Nisibis). OCD3 419 – 420, H.W. Catling; BAGRW 72; BNP 3 (2003)
1075 – 1081, A. Berger et al.; EJ2 5.347–348, B. Oded and L. Roth.
Sites: Kition, Salamis, Soloi.
People: A (?), A, D, G, N, S,
S, Z (?).
Cyzicus ⇒ Kuzikos
Daldis (near mod. Yunuslar; 38 ̊ 43 ’ N, 28 ̊ 06 ’ E): hill-town of Ludia north across the
Hermos river from Sarde ̄s, north-east of the lake; founded in the Roman period. RE 4.2
(1901) 2021, L. Bürchner; TA M 5.1, pp. 200–202; BAGRW 56-G4.
A.
Damaskos (mod. Dimashq; 33 ̊ 30 ’ N, 36 ̊ 17 ’ E): ancient city on the Syrian plateau,
between the mountains and the desert, ca 90 km east of Sido ̄n; a great city of the Persian
Empire, conquered for Alexander of Macedon by Parmenio ̄n in 332 BCE (cf. Syria). At
first ruled by the Ptolemies, then by the Seleukids (made a capital in 111 BCE), and then by
Petra from 86 BCE. Taken by Pompey for Rome in 66 BCE, reverted to Petra 37 – 54 CE.
Fortified by Diocletian against the Sasanians; provided with a church dedicated to John the
Baptist by Theodosius I. PECS 256 – 257, J.-P. Rey-Coquais; ODB 580, M.M. Mango; OCD3
427, A.H.M. Jones et al.; BAGRW 69-D2; BNP 4 (2004) 54–57, H. Klengel and T. Leisten.
A, D, H, I (?), N, P.
Daorsi (mod. Stolac; 43 ̊ 05 ’ N, 17 ̊ 58 ’ E): Dalmatian region and town, south-east of
Salona, and north-west of Durrakhion; municipium by the early 2nd c. CE. BAGRW 20-E7;
BNP 4 (2004) 78–79, M. Sˇasˇel Kos.
D (?).
GAZETTEER