Claudius, Trajan, and most extensively by Hadrian. PECS 658 – 661, R. Meiggs; OCD3
1081 – 1082, N. Purcell; BAGRW 43-B2; BNP 10 (2007) 280–281, 283–286, G. Uggeri and
H.-M. von Kaenel.
M (?).
Oxyrhynchos (mod. Sandafa el-Far; 28 ̊ 32 ’ N, 30 ̊ 40 ’ E): west of the Nile, upstream from
Philadelpheia and downstream from Antinoopolis, ancient capital of the Scepter
Nome; site of rich deposit of Greek papyri. PECS 663, S. Shenouda; OCD3 1088, W.E.H.
Cockle; EAAE 594 – 595, F. Gomaà; BAGRW 75-D3; BNP 10 (2007) 312–313, Jo. Quack.
H.
Panion (near mod. S ̧arköy; 40 ̊ 37 ’ N, 27 ̊ 07 ’ E): on the north shore of the Propontis, north
across the sea from Prokonessos; scarcely attested before the middle-Byzantine period.
Souda Pi-202; RE 18.3 (1949) 601, Johanna Schmidt; BAGRW 52-A3.
P.
Pano ̄polis (mod. Akhmim; 26 ̊ 34 ’ N, 31 ̊ 45 ’ E): city in Egypt on the east bank of the Nile,
well upstream of Antinoopolis; weaving and stone-cutting center, and early Christian
center. H 2.156; S 17.1.41; BAGRW 77-F3; BNP 10 (2007) 455–456,
K. Jansen-Winkeln.
P. A, Z.
Parion (mod. Kemer; 40 ̊ 25 ’ N, 27 ̊ 04 ’ E): port in Troas at the north end of the Helle-
spont near Lampsakos, founded ca 700 BCE; allied with Athens in the 5th c. BCE; taken
by L 302 BCE, under Pergamon from 227/226 BCE. Under Rome from 133
BCE; made a colonia by A. PECS 676, N. Bonacasa; OCD3 1113, E.N. Borza;
BAGRW 52-A4; BNP 10 (2007) 536, P. Frisch.
A.
Paros (mod. Paros; 37 ̊ 05 ’ N, 25 ̊ 09 ’ E): Aegean island just west of, and opposed to, Naxos,
colonized Thasos; under Persians 489 BCE, then allied with Athens, varying between
a democratic and oligarchic constitution. Variously allied in the 3rd c. BCE, although never
in the island league (see De ̄los). PECS 677 – 679, N.M. Kontoleon; OCD3 1116, R.W.V.
Catling; BAGRW 61-A3; BNP 10 (2007) 553–555, H. Sonnabend.
K, S, T (?).
Pa ̄t
̇
aliputra ⇒ KusumapuraPatara (mod. Gelemis ̧; 36 ̊ 16 ’ N, 29 ̊ 19 ’ E): chief port city in Lukia, near mouth of the
Xanthos river, a chief temple and oracle of Apollo. Taken by Alexander of Macedon
334 BCE; occupied by Antigonos (315 BCE) and De ̄me ̄trios Poliorke ̄te ̄s (304 BCE); then
Ptolemaic until 197 BCE when under the Seleukids. Under Rhodes from 188 BCE; under
Rome from 168 BCE. PECS 679 – 680, G.E. Bean; OCD3 1121, St. Mitchell; BAGRW 65-B5;
BNP 10 (2007) 594–595, C. Marek.
M.
Pella (mod. Arkhaia Pella; 40 ̊ 46 ’ N, 22 ̊ 31 ’ E): large city of Macedon, on the Ludias river
(near the Thermaic Gulf), made the capital by Arkhelaos (413– 399 BCE), birthplace of
Alexander. Declined as Thermaic Gulf silted up; insignificant after 168 BCE. RE 19.1 (1937)
341 – 348 (#3), E. Oberhummer (with map by A. Struck); PECS 685 – 686, Ph.M. Petsas;
OCD3 1132, R.A. Tomlinson; BAGRW 50-C3; BNP 10 (2007) 698–699, R.M. Errington.
(Contrast the Pella in Samaria, mod. Tabaqat Fahl, BAGRW 69-C5, and the first name of
Apameia on the Orontes.)
GAZETTEER