I 60
INDEX
Ujuku Hikoemon, 770
Ukai Gyokusen, 1415–1416
Japan
fi rst Japan-born professional
photographer, 1415
fi rst professional Japanese photographer,
554
Ullin, Hilda, 149
Underwater photography, 1416–1417, 1433–
1434
lighting, 1416–1417
Underwood, Bert, 1417–1420
manuals, 1418–1419
manufacturers of stereo cards and stereo
viewers, 1417–1420
Underwood, Elmer, 1417–1420
manuals, 1418–1419
manufacturers of stereo cards and stereo
viewers, 1417–1420
Union cases, 278–279, 1420–1422
ambrotypes, 1420–1421, 1422
daguerreotypes, 952, 1420–1421, 1422
decorations, 952
inside case-lids, 952
designs, 1421–1422
Peck, Samuel, 1057
plastic photographic case industry, 1421
Union Photographique, 1280
Unions, photographic, 1422–1423
United Photographers Association, 1354, 1355
United States, 1307–1310, 1424–1430, 1427,
see also American West; Civil War;
Library of Congress; Native Americans
academic institutions, 1308
amateur photographers, 1309, 1429–1430
American cities illustrated by photography,
1426
anti-patent and price wars, 1308
Army Medical Museum, 142
art photography, 34, 1430
beginning of photography in, 1424
Bureau of American Ethnology, 52
calotypes, limited success, 681
celebrity photography, 280, 281
contribution to photographic technologies,
1424
copyright, 337–338, 1429
daguerreotypes, 681–682, 1307–1308,
1424, 1425
American specialization, 1425
American successes, 682
competition, 1426
Daguerre did not patent in, 1425
development, 1424–1425
patents for technical improvements, 1425
popularity in U.S., 617
primarily social and technical dimension,
1424
unique durability, 1425
differentiation of professionals and artists,
1429
documentary photography, 1428
early photography, 1307–1308
ethnographic photography, 1426
exhibitions, 1308–1309, 1428
Federal Government, 1428
fi rst photographic association, 684
landscape photography, 1426, 1428
middle class, 1429
new cultural role of photography, 1427
19th-century American photography, 666
patents, 1055–1056
U.S. Patent Offi ce, 1308
photographic retailing, 1093, 1094
photographic societies, 1308–1310, 1429
photographic unions, 1422
photography, as fad, 1429
pictorialism, 1430
portraits, photographic construction of
family memories, 1426
recognition of photography as art form,
1428–1429
scientifi c photography, 1426
social, economic, and cultural development,
1424
survey photography, 1426, 1428
women photographers, 1428
Unmediated naturalism, anthropological
photography, 53
Upper class, pictorialism, 1129
Uranium, 858
bromide print, 219
Uranium Dry Plate Company, 1354, 1355
Uranium nitrate toning, 574–575
Uranium prints, 1157
Uranium processes, positives, 1156–1157
Uranium sensitizers, 230, 231
Urie, John, 1430
Utah, Savage, Charles Roscoe, 1245–1246
V
Vállas, Antal, 726
Vacquerie, Auguste, 1431–1432
biography, 1432
cofounded political newspaper
“L’Évènement,” 1431
Hugo, Victor, 1431–1432
journalist and literary critic, 1431–1432
Napoleon III, 1431, 1432
political exile in Jersey, 1431
portraits, 1431
self-portraits, 1431
still lifes, 1431–1432
Vais, Mario Nunes, 26
Valenta, Eduard, 1432–1433
Lippman process, 1433
Valentine, George D., 1433
New Zealand, 1433
Valentine, James and Sons, 1433–1434
photo-publishing fi rm, 1433–1434
sale of topographical views and postcards,
1433–1434
Valentine, William, 262
Valicourt, Edmund de, 290
Vallou de Villeneuve, Julien, 1434–1436, 1435
artist’s studies, 1434–1436, 1435
biography, 1436
celebrity portraits, 1435
erotic photography, 1434–1436, 1435
lithographed images of daily life, 1434
nude studies, 1434–1436, 1435
pornography, 1434–1436, 1435
Vance, Robert H., 1440–1441
California, 1440
carte-de-visite, 1440
daguerreotypes, 1440–1441
portraits, 1440
South America, 1440
Vandykes, 1156
van Es, J.C., 815
van Kinsbergen, Isidore, 1436–1438
Bali, 740
biography, 1438
Dutch East Indies, 1436–1438
Javanese antiquities, 1436–1438
van Monckhoven, Désiré Charles Emanuel,
490, 1438–1439
biography, 1439industrialist, 1439
leading photographic scientist, 1438–1439
photographic optics, 1438–1439
research on collodium, 1439
writer, 1438–1439
van Werden, Hugo, 584
Variable focal length lens, 289
Variable power telephoto lens, lenses, 850
Varin, Eugène-Napoléon, 1441
Varin, Pierre-Adolphe, 1441
Varin, Pierre-Amédée, 1441
Vatican court, D’Alessandri, Fratelli, 372–375
Vedani, Camillo, 1441
Brazil, 1441
Vedute di Roma photographs, 30
Velox, 234, 335
Venezuela, Panunzi, Benito, 1051
Venice
Bresolin, Domenico, 207, 1144
Naya, Carlo, 982, 982
Perini, Antonio, 1059–1060
Ponti, Carlo, 1144
Veress, Ferenc, 727–728, 1442–1443
biography, 1443
carte-de-visite, 1442
color photography, 1443
fi rst permanent photographic atelier in
Transylvania, 1443
heliochromy, 1443
landscape photography, 1442
photographs on porcelain, 1442
tried out and modifi ed all photographic
techniques, 1442, 1443
Vernacular photography, 1443–1446
albums, 1445–1446
defi ned, 1443
distinctive regional photographic practices,
1443
elaboration of photograph with other
materials and iconography, 1444
everyday life photography, 1446
family snapshots into cyanotypes, 1446
in the home, 1446
mourning, 1444
painted addition, 1445
painted photographs, 1444–1445
practices that elaborate or add to the
photograph, 1446
reproducing established conventions, 1446
subjects, 1443
tintypes, framed and painted, 1444
typical and generic, 1446
variety of forms and meanings, 1443–1444
Vernacular structures, documentary
photography, 426
Vernet, Horace, Egypt, 476
Vertical aerial photograph, 12
Verveer, Maurits, 988
Vest cameras, 253
Vesuvius, 822
Vibrotypes, 78
Victoria, British Columbia, Fardon, George
Robinson, 522–524
Victoria, Queen of England, 310–311, 1447–
1448
amateur photographers, 1447
art reproductions, 1448
carte-de-visite, 1448
commissions of, 1447
earliest photographs of British monarchy,
1447
infl uential in establishing respectability of
photography, 1447
infl uential patron, 1447