14 C. Humphrey, and J. Laidlaw, The Archetypal Actions of Ritual (Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1994), p. 43.
15 This summary is based on conversations held in Mumbai in the summer of 1990.
16 This is a condensation of a myth with many variations found amongst folk
communities of Andhra Pradesh.
17 Again, there are many variations to this myth. Its intention, nonetheless,
includes the idea that a non-brahman “goddess” has been given a “brahman”
head.
18 The Hindu( June 30, 2001), p. 3.
19 Edgar Thurston, Castes and Tribes of Southern India. Vol. VI (New Delhi: Asian
Educational Service, 1993), pp. 363ff.
20 The story of the Mahars and of Ambedkar can be found in many sources.
Stephen Hay, 1988, pp. 324ff. offers a brief synopsis of Ambedkar’s life and
thought. Ambedkar’s The Buddha and His Dhamma (Bombay: Siddharth
Publication, 1984) is a useful introduction to Ambedkar’s thought.
21 This brief summary is derived from Alan Babb’s excellent discussion in Babb,
Redemptive Encounters(Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1987), pp. 93–155.
22 Again, this summary of Satya Sai Baba’s life and movement is drawn from Babb
op. cit., pp. 158–201.
23 Hay, 1988, p. 53.
24 J. Platvoet, “Ritual as Confrontation: The Ayodhya Conflict” in J. Platvoet and
Karel van der Toork, Pluralism and Identity: Studies in Ritual Behaviour(Leiden:
E. J. Brill, 1995), p. 197. Much of this and subsequent discussion is derived from
Platvoet’s excellent and scholarly summation of Hindu–Muslim conflicts over
the last century. A number of other studies have addressed these issues,
perhaps, most importantly, P. van der Veer, Gods on Earth: The Management of
Religious Experience and Identity in a North Indian Pilgrimage Center(London: The
Athlone Press, 1988), and other essays.
25 Platvoet, op. cit., p. 188, fn. 9.
26 Ibid.: 188.
27 Hay, 1988, pp. 359ff.
28 Platvoet, op. cit., p. 202.
10 India’s Global Reach
1 For fuller discussions of Buddhism in China, see Robinson and Johnson, The
Buddhist Religion(Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1996); and Ch’en, Buddhism in
China(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972).
2 For discussion of Buddhism in Tibet see Robinson and Johnson, op. cit.; and
Stephen V. Beyer, The Cult of Tara(Berkeley: University of California Press,
1973).
3 For discussion of Indian influences in Southeast Asia see Robinson and
Johnson,op. cit.; A. L. Basham, ed., The Cultural History of India(Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1975), pp. 442–54; Clothey and Long, eds, Experiencing ‘S ́iva’
(Delhi: Manohar, 1982), pp. 81–86, 189–202; George Coedès, The Indianized
States of Southeast Asia(Honolulu: East–West Center Press, 1968); and Eleanor
Mannikka, Angkor Wat, Time, Space, and Kingship(Honolulu: University of
Hawaii Press, 1996).272 Notes