78 The Economist January 15th 2022
Obituary Richard Leakey
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when its single engine sputtered and began losing power.
Richard Leakey ramped up the fuel mixture, cutting the air in
take—a mistake at that altitude. Unable to restart the engine, he
found himself freefalling towards villages and schools. There
were children below, waving at the plane as it came closer. He also
had four passengers on board, all workers at the Kenya Wildlife
Service (kws), where he was director. More than himself, he had to
save all those folk.
Spying a nearby cattle field, he tried to descend in a gentle
glide, but one of the wings struck the edge of a sprawling mango
tree. As the nose hit the ground, the engine was thrust back into
the cockpit and his ankles folded up against his sharpsnapped
legs. It was an injury known as “pilot’s foot”.
His chronic impatience was epitomised by that crash. Pig
headedly, and against advice, he never wore boots while flying his
plane. That morning he had ordered his staff to fly with him in
stead of travelling, as planned, by road; no time to lose. Nor did he
agree that the accident was pilot error and mechanical failure, as
the Cessna engineers concluded. To him it was clearly sabotage for
political reasons, an attempt to get him out of the way. Facts were
inconvenient in such a good story.
As for his legs, after the medics had amputated his left below
the knee and told him that his right foot would need a year more to
heal, he ordered the surgeon to cut that off, too. When his pros
thetic limbs arrived, he learned to walk in just three days. His doc
tors had said it would take a fortnight.
Impatience was a family trait: an odd one, since the Leakeys’
speciality was humanity’s deep history. At 23, having dropped out
of school, he went behind his father’s back and persuaded the Na
tional Geographic Society, his father’s funders, to provide $25,000
for a fossilhunting expedition to what is now Lake Turkana, innorthern Kenya. In 1969 his team unearthed a cache of primitive
tools and two skulls there. One was an Australopithecus, an ape
like creature some palaeontologists call “nearman”.
The discovery established Kenya as a great new source of fos
sils. It also made him, at 25, the head of all Kenya’s museums, and
pitched him into one of the fiercest debates in science. He be
lieved that man, with his large brain and toolmaking ability, went
back 3m years. His biggest rival, Donald Johanson, director of the
Institute of Human Origins in Berkeley, California, thought they
were much more recent and that his own discovery in Ethiopia,
Australopithecus afarensis (known as “Lucy”) was the ancestor of all
hominids. In 1981, on American tv, he and Dr Johanson went mano
a mano.Dr Johanson, with a felttip pen, drew his linear version of
man’s family tree; he, in reply, scrawled an X through it and put be
side it a huge, dramatic questionmark. Eventually he was proved
right: early apes were more diverse than many realised, and the
human family tree had many branches too, including ones that
crosspollinated.
Altogether the Leakey team was to find more than 10,000 fos
sils at Lake Turkana. As team leader he naturally called himself Dr
Leakey, though as a palaeontologist he was selftaught and chippy
about his lack of academic credentials. It was his wife Meave
whose diligence gave the family enterprise its scientific heft. His
own forte was to see the larger picture. Asked once if he would
help raise funds for an independent research centre at Lake Turka
na, he instantly said he would, as long as he could build it big.
He had big ambitions for conservation, too. When, one April
morning in 1989, he heard that President Daniel arap Moi had ap
pointed him as the new head of Kenya’s wildlife department, he
knew he had got the job by publicly criticising the management of
the country’s national parks and the government’s flabby re
sponse to poaching. Moi, in effect, was throwing down the gaunt
let to see if “Dr Leakey” could do any better.
He could. With characteristic speed he dismantled the corrupt
and dispirited department he had inherited, sacking nearly 1,700
layabouts, appointing 40 senior staff on decent dollarpegged sal
aries and creating what one colleague called “the most radical in
stitution in Africa”. He tackled the ivory trade not by selling Ken
ya’s confiscated stash but by burning it in a flaming pyre that made
front pages round the world. The World Bank and other donors
were so impressed that they approved nearly $150m in loans that
were ringfenced for kws’s use alone. When anyone complained,
he went straight to the president.
For some it was all too much, too fast. He was accused of liking
animals more than people, and of favouring certain tribes over
others. His “shoottokill” policy against poachers revolted many
in the West who otherwise supported him. In 1994, after the plane
crash, he resigned. He made a spirited foray into party politics af
terwards, but it ground too slow for him. Under the acacia
He spent his last months in his usual rush, trying to raise money
for a $100m museum of humankind to be built on his own land.
The more he thought about it, the bigger he wanted it to be, a grand
gesture to symbolise Africa’s importance in the human story. Not
only would it explore evolution, but also arts and science. It would
include a thinktank where Africans could meet and sit at high ta
ble with the best Western minds. But American philanthropists,
always among his keenest backers, sat on their hands.
There would be time to rest, he liked to say, when the Grim
Reaper caught up with him. He had outwitted him several times
before. When at last he failed to, he was buried at his home on the
edge of the Great Rift Valley. He faced south, towards one of the
sites where his father had first found proof that human beings
walked out of Africa to settle the rest of the Earth. Not ten feet from
his grave, buried under the same acacia tree, were the limbs he had
lost to impatience so many years before. nHomo impatiensRichard Leakey, palaeoanthropologist and conservationist,
died on January 2nd, aged 77