Index 1243cameos 118
Cameroon 1087f
Cameroon, Mount 776
Camillus, Marcus Furius 414
campestre 281
campfi res 584
camps 973
camps, marching 735
Canaanite people 699–700
Canadian Shield 265
canals
agriculture 20, 28, 47
climate and geography 240
trade and exchange 1100
t ra nspor tat ion 1112 , 1118
candles 586, 590. See also
rushlights; tapers
Cannibal hymn 125
canoe(s)
hunting, fi shing, and gath-
ering 578
ships and shipbuilding
979, 984
transportation 1120
canoe burials 316
capes 276
capital cities 730
Capitoline Triad 859
Capitoline wolf 686
capitols 226, 227
caravans
economy 359
trade and exchange 1101
carbon-14 (radiocarbon) dat-
ing. See radiocarbon dating
carbon steel 594
cardo 226
card weaving 1080, 1081
cargo ships 362
Caria 260
Caribbean islands
climate and geography 266
migration and population
movements 722
Carlsberg 9 126
carmina 771
Carnac 902
Carnatic 767
carnyx 769
Carpathian Basin 253
Carpathian mountain range
252–253
Carpathus (island) 260
carpenters
craft s 290
occupations 812, 813
carpets 1078, 1081
Carrhae, Battle of 1136
carriages 1119
Carter, Howard 58
Carthage
agriculture 18, 43, 44
borders and frontiers 145
cities 205
climate and geography
264clothing and footwear
272–273
economy 345–346
empires and dynasties
388–390, 408
exploration 436–437, 443
foreigners and barbarians
482
government organization
508–509
language 613
mining, quarrying, and
salt making 741
money and coinage 752
occupations 808, 809
resistance and dissent
870–871
seafaring and navigation
952–953
ships and shipbuilding
974–975
social collapse and aban-
donment 1000
towns and villages 1086
trade and exchange 1097
war and conquest 1151–
1152
cartography. See maps
carts
inventions 598
t ra nspor tat ion 1111, 1118,
1119
cart sculptures 108–109
Cascajal stone 1192
cash economies
economy 342, 358
employment and labor 434
money and coinage 759
Caspian lowlands 246
Caspian Sea 246–248
Castel San Angelo 321
caste system
economy 358
empires and dynasties 401
employment and labor 430
family 452
gender structures and roles
498
government organization
523
religion and cosmology
846
social organization 1023
casting 679, 681–682, 685. See
also lost-wax casting
castor oil plant 21
castration 298
catacombs 321
Çatalhöyük
agriculture 28
cities 210
climate and geography 247
illumination 586
social organization 1018
war and conquest 1131
cataphracts 1136catapults
inventions 601
weaponry and armor 1170
cataracts (Nile River)
climate and geography 239
migration and population
movements 696
Cato the Elder (Cato the Cen-
sor)
agriculture 40–42, 51
astronomy 132
food and diet 480
health and disease 553–
554
literature 662
settlement patterns 971
cattle
agriculture 18, 34, 38
economy 346
money and coinage 751,
752, 758, 759
nomadic and pastoral soci-
eties 787, 788
religion and cosmology
834
Catullus 662–663
caturanga 1052
cavalry
military 727, 730, 733, 734
war and conquest 1129,
1136, 1142 , 1147, 1148
weaponry and armor 1170
Cave of the Seven Sleepers
901
cave paintings 105
caves
architecture 69
art 105, 106, 120
building techniques and
materials 156
death and burial practices
311, 312 , 316
drama and theater 329
music and musical instru-
ments 768
religion and cosmology
849
storage and preservation
1067, 1069
Cave X of Ajanta 101
Celtiberian language 616
Celtic
cross 109
jewelry 9–10
knots 9–10
languages 1028
mythology 499
temples 73
Celts. See also Gauls
art 108, 109
borders and frontiers 145
calendars and clocks 169
children 194
clothing and footwear 278,
279
craft s 291–292crime and punishment 301
drama and theater 333
economy 342
education 381–382
empires and dynasties
407–408
employment and labor 431
exploration 441, 442
family 453, 454
festivals 467
government organization
525
inventions 600
language 615, 616
laws and legal codes 627
literature 654
migration and population
movements 709
military 731
money and coinage 758
numbers and counting 803
religion and cosmology
849–851
roads and bridges 887–888
sacred sites 903
science 937
seafaring and navigation
957
ships and shipbuilding
980
slaves and slavery 990
social organization 1028–
1029
sports and recreation 1053
towns and villages 1091–
1092
t ra nspor tat ion 1117
war and conquest 1141–
1143
weaponry and armor 1167
cement. See concrete
cemeteries xxvi
death and burial practices
317
family 457
settlement patterns 964,
966
cena 481
cenotes 267
censors 532
census 367
Central Asia
climate and geography 248
government organization
521–522
centralized economy 37
Central Plaza, La Venta 83
centurions 734
ceramics and pottery 174–
187
Africa 174–176, 175f
Americas 185–186, 185f
art 88, 90, 92, 104, 107,
110 –111, 116, 122
Asia and the Pacifi c 179–
181, 180f1235-1286_SocCultAnctWrld-v4_idx1243 1243 10/10/07 3:32:22 PM