Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

Index 1255

Gulf of Corinth 256 Gulf of Mexico 266 gunpowder 1138 Gupta Dynasty architecture 69 children 193 empires and dynasties 402–403 employment and labor 430 family 452 government organization 523 gur 352 guru 381 gurukula 381 Gwanggaeto (king of Korea) resistance and dissent 876 war and conquest 1140 gymnasium cities 224 sports and recreation 1056 gymnastics education 383 sports and recreation 1049 gynaikeion 77 gypsum building techniques and materials 158 ceramics and pottery 178 household goods 563 mining, quarrying, and salt making 742

H hacha 1057f Hades 320 Hadrian (emperor of Rome) empires and dynasties 416 foreigners and barbarians 490 hair/hairstyles adornment 4–5, 7–9, 12–14 children 189 occupations 816 –817 Halaf Period ceramics and pottery 178 roads and bridges 886 storage and preservation 1064 halberd 1166 Halley’s comet 128 Halloween 462 Hallstatt Period craft s 291 mining, quarrying, and salt making 747 science 936 social organization 1029 Hallstatt salt mines 256 hallucinogens 863, 864 Halstead, Paul agriculture 35 on sheep 34 Hamilcar 509

Hammurabi (king of Babylon) art 99 crime and punishment 296, 299, 300 empires and dynasties 397 employment and labor 428 government organization 517 language 612 laws and legal codes 624–625 social organization 1020 Hammurabi, Code of craft s 289 crime and punishment 296, 299 laws and legal codes 621, 624–625, 633–635 scandals and corruption 911 hand clappers 765 Han Dynasty. See also Eastern Han Dynasty; Western Han Dynasty architecture 67–68 art 103 astronomy 128 ceramics and pottery 180 children 193 climate and geography 249 clothing and footwear 277 craft s 290 crime and punishment 300 drama and theater 332 economy 355–357 education 380, 381 empires and dynasties 405 employment and labor 429 exploration 440 family 452 festivals 466 government organization 520–521 household goods 565 illumination 588 laws and legal codes 625 literature 651, 652 military 730 music and musical instru- ments 767 occupations 812 religion and cosmology 848 resistance and dissent 874 roads and bridges 887 scandals and corruption 909, 913 ships and shipbuilding 979 slaves and slavery 989 social collapse and aban- donment 1003–1004 textiles and needlework 1078–1079 towns and villages 1090

trade and exchange 1100 war and conquest 1137 writing 1187 Han Fei 874 Hanging Gardens of Babylon architecture 65 empires and dynasties 398 Hangzhou Bay 30 haniwa fi gures art 104 ceramics and pottery 179 Hannibal climate and geography 262 empires and dynasties 389, 390, 414 government organization 509 migration and population movements 715 roads and bridges 888, 889 social organization 1036 war and conquest 1152 Hanno the Great 509 Hanno the Navigator exploration 436–437, 442 seafaring and navigation 953 Hansen’s disease 825 Harappan civilization architecture 68 art 101 ceramics and pottery 179–180 children 192 cities 201, 202, 218 craft s 289 economy 355, 357–358 empires and dynasties 401 employment and labor 430 exploration 438 migration and population movements 705 military 730 mining, quarrying, and salt making 746 natural disasters 779 nomadic and pastoral societies 791 religion and cosmology 845 roads and bridges 883 settlement patterns 967–968 social collapse and aban- donment 1004 social organization 1023 sports and recreation 1052 storage and preservation 1066 towns and villages 1090 trade and exchange 1100f, 110 0 –1101 weights and measures 1176 writing 1187 Hardrian’s Tomb 321 Harkhuf 437 harmika 68

harpoons household goods 566 hunting, fi shing, and gath- ering 572, 578f inventions 598, 604 harps 765, 766, 766f, 768 haruspices 860 harvests agriculture 22 festivals 462, 467–468 Hasdrubal the Fair 390 Hassuna 178 Hathor’s incarnation 764–765 Hathor Temple 22 hats 276, 277, 281, 282. See also headgear Hatshepsut (queen of Egypt) architecture 60 art 96 cities 208 empires and dynasties 394 exploration 438 seafaring and navigation 953–954 trade and exchange 1097 Hawkins, Gerald 130 hazarapatish 518 headgear 7, 11f headhunting foreigners and barbarians 487 war and conquest 1141– 1142 headrest 563f healers/healing health and disease 545, 546, 549, 551, 552 occupations 815 pandemics and epidemics 820 f science 924–925, 936 health and disease 545–560 Africa 545–547 Americas 555–556 Asia and the Pacifi c 549– 550, 557–558 Egypt 547–548, 547f Europe 550–552, 551f Greece 552–553, 553f, 559–560 inventions 594 Middle East 548–549, 556–558 Rome 553–555, 554f heating systems 602 Hebraic alphabet 1184 Hebraic numeral system 801 Hebrew Bible religion and cosmology 844 war and conquest 1159 Hebrew people 485 Heb-Sed 464 Heliopolis architecture 58–59 cities 205

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Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

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