CIVIL ENGINEERING FORMULAS

BUILDING AND STRUCTURES FORMULAS 231

For safe-load determinations, that is, in computing effective area and section
modulus

(9.83)

where funit stress in psi in the element computed on basis of reduced section,
psi (MPa)
wwidth of the element, in (mm)
tthickness, in (mm)

b

t



8,040

f 

1 

2,010

(w/t)f

FIGURE 9.7 Typical compression elements used in light-

weight steel construction. (Merritt–Building Construction

Handbook, McGraw-Hill.)