Erica Schwarz CARSON:“carson_index” — 2008/5/27 — 14:4 1— page 50 1— # 1 1Index501keystone predation 233
keystone species 235, 236
figs as 327
La Planada FDP, high demographic
variability 111
Lago Guri, Venezuela, investigation of closed forest
fragments 309–18
animal communities 310–12
large (L) islands and mainland sites 312
medium (M) islands, additional populations
312
non-volant animals trapped on islands 316
non-volant populations, S and M islands 310
populations of short-lived animals 310
pronounced functional imbalances, S and M
islands 316
small (S) islands, populations 310
bottom-up forces prevail in absence of top-down
regulation 315–16
consumer increase 315
evidence of nutritional stress 316
causes of hyperabundance 312–13
ecological release/density compensation 313
hyperabundance ofAttacolonies, S islands
313
hyperabundance on S and M islands 312–13
leaf-cutter density negatively associated with
armadillos 313, 317
comparisons with open systems difficult 318
effects at producer level 313
decrease in vegetation 313
effects of hyperabundant consumers 316–17
S and M islands, decrease in small sapling
densities 313
S islands, low recruitment of small
saplings 313
effects of edge effects and increased exposure 316
fragmentation–community change accompanied
by biodiversity loss 317
herbivory 314
leading role of leaf-cutter ants 317
and repression of recruitment rates 314
hyperdensity of persistent population and
functional imbalances 312
hyperabundance of arthropod predators on
some islands 312
increasing hyperabundance on S and M islands
311 ,312
species loss/persistence strongly non-random
312
indirect effects and nutrient recycling 314–15
M and L islands, effects of hyperabundant
mesopredators 315, 318
bottom-up effects limited to S islands 315
howler monkeys, effects on S island 314
hyperabundant herbivores, implications for
other faunal groups 315
leaf-cutter ants, and underground nutrient
storage 315
S island soil nutrient availability
decreasing 315
many land-bridge islands 309
expectations of the predator-free islands
309–10
multiple pathways to vegetation decline 314
physical setting 310
consistency in animal community composition
310, 311
pollination 314
immigrant/introduced butterflies 314
results show operation of trophic cascades in
terrestrial systems 318
implications for plant compositions 318
seed predation 314
did not differ between islands and landmasses
314
simple trophic cascade model 309
but with complexity 309–10
top-down hypothesis tested 316–18
vegetation dynamics 312
censusing of seedlings and monitoring woody
stems 312
effects of herbivory 317
trophic cascade affected entire tree communities
317
Lambir FDP 89–90, 103
low species similarity with Pasoh 90
more phylogenetic and ecological similarity with
Pasoh 90
significant association with rainforest clades
86 ,90
large tropical forest dynamics plots (FDPs) 99
are life-histories discontinuous or continuous
110–11
are there trade-offs in life-history characteristics
110, 110 ,111
development of CTFS network 99–104
historical perspective 103
locations and site descriptions100–2