Erica Schwarz CARSON:“carson_index” — 2008/5/27 — 14:41 — page 502 — #12502Index
large tropical forest dynamics plots (FDPs) (Contd.)
revealed tropical forest community structure
103–4
dominance–diversity curves, comparing tropical
diversity 103–4, 104
and ecological theory 104–12
gap specialization 108–12
negative density dependence 106–8
neutral theory 104–6
future research 113
leaf area ratio (LAR) 171
ontogenetic decline, speed of 171
size dependent decline, consequences 171
leaf-cutter ants 136, 313, 317
leaves 122, 127–8
leaf lifespan of late successional trees 163
more steeply inclined 162 ,163
and restricted transpiration 130
sun leaves and shade leaves 133
liana competition hypothesis 203–4
reduced recruitment of shade-tolerant trees 204
lianas 201–3, 205
gap colonization
as adults 202
from intact forest by growing along the floor
202
from seed and via advance regeneration 202
heavy infestation can kill/damage canopy trees
417
liana tangles/thickets 198, 200
and light competitiveness 162–3
maintenance of species richness
ability to partition light resource in gaps 202
rapid growth rate in high light 202
restrict recruitment of shade-tolerant trees into
gaps 204
treefalls may increase forest-wide diversity 202
Liberian wet forest
evaluation of height–light trajectories using
crown-exposure index 162 , 172–3, 173
switch from light demander to shade tolerant
172
whole-life light demander 172
whole-life shade tolerant 172
Liebig’s law of the minimum 161
life forms, functional groups and life-history traits
395–6
self-compatibility, early successional stages 396
successional changes, leaf phenology and wood
characteristics 396
light, key limiting resource 161, 398
light availability 167
limiting for seedling recruitment 398
light competition 163
competitiveness of upper canopy trees/lianas
162–3
major driver of successional change 161
light interception, current vs. future trade-off 171–2
light niches 161
ontogenetic trajectories 161, 162
light partitioning among trees 5, 161
light-demanding trees, advantage of high LAR 170
logging
direct threat in Amazon basin 460–2
illegal logging rampant 462
immediate impacts 461
industrial logging, sharp increase 460–1, 461
legal operations poorly managed 462
a multi-billion dollar international business
461–2
opening of National Forests to logging 462
a threat to rainforests 444–6
official statistics 444, 445
often some illegal logging 444
primary driver of forest degradation/loss 444
selective logging 446
Lotka–Volterra competition theory 19, 157
Lotka–Volterra models 286
Luquillo FDP 113
density dependence in seedling survival 108, 109
hurricane susceptibility, post-hurricane sapling
mortality 110 ,111
hurricane-driven negative conspecific growth
effects 107Madagascar
low biomass of folivorous lemurs 358
populations of invasive species persistent 388
rainforests 448–9
biodiversity distinctive, diverse, endangered
448–9
deforestation rates declining 449
endemism 449
invasive plants and animals a problem 449
MalagasyseeMadagascar
Malaysia, cashed in its forests 481
mammals, frugivorous and granivorous
affected by seasonality of fruits and seeds 324
demography reflects seasonality in resource
abundance 324
regularly experience bottom-up limitation 324–5