Erica Schwarz CARSON:“carson_index” — 2008/5/27 — 14:41 — page 505 — #15Index505biodiversity-rich countries immediately receive
economic benefits 437
ecotourism 437
establishment of Coiba National Park 437–8
making Panamanians aware 437
Panama ICBG, scientific output 434–5
assay of plant extracts for activity against aphids
434
development ofin vitrobioassays for testing 434
malaria assay 434
patent application, compounds with toxicity
against leishmaniasis 434–5, 435
plants source of anti-cancer compounds 434
Panama ICBG, use of ecological insight in
bioprospecting 433–4
young leaves, some highly active in anti-cancer
assays 433, 433
escape syndrome and defense syndrome 433–4
shade-tolerant trees better defended against
herbivory 434
parasitism, tropical patterns of on lepidopterans 279
Tachinidae and lepidopteran mortality 279
Pasoh FDP 89–90, 100 , 103, 104 , 105 ,106
leaf area index and light reaching ground 123
much more diverse than BCI 111, 132
native pig facilitates spread ofClidemia hirta 415
patterns consistent with Janzen–Connell
hypothesis 217
species herd effect 108
patch dynamics 399
creating an unstable spatial mosaic 386
payments for environmental services (PES) 482
PESseepayments for environmental services
pest pressure hypothesis 133–4, 136–7
pests, generalist, regulatory roles 418
phenotypic reaction norms 164, 165 , 168
phosphorus, generally limiting in tropical soils 23
phylogenetic approach
examining classical ecological questions 285
testing hypotheses about specialization 285
phylogenetic community structure and biogeography
79–97
phylogenetic inertia 74–5
intra-generic herbivory comparison 74–5, 75
phylogenetic structure of species assemblage 83–91
assembly of regional pools from the continental
pool 88–90
example, species turnover between plots in CTFS
network 89–90
interprets conserved congruence among area
cladograms 89
intra-continental diversification observable 89
non-phylogenetic similarity analysis,
multi-clade assemblages 89
ordination using inter-plot phylogenetic
distances 89
phylogenetic structure, analysis at
continental/regional scale 89
phylogeographic scale, and reconstruction using
genetic markers 88–9
global biogeography and assembly of
continental-scale biota 90–1
distribution of deeper angiosperm clades 90
null model for global assortment of plant
lineages 90
similarities in forest plot composition worldwide
90–1
species diversity generated by intra-continental
speciation 90
important components for analyzing assemblage
composition 83
local processes 85–8
abiotic niche filtering 87–8
family composition of forests quite predictable
86 , 87 ,88
floristic turnover with increasing elevation 88
habitat filtering 84 ,85
habitat-scale assemblage processes, and seed
dispersal 87
overall distribution of clades observable 88
phenotypic attraction and repulsion 85, 87
taxa relatedness 87
metrics of phylogenetic structure 85, 86
distance matrix, represents shared evolutionary
heritage 85, 87
ratio of whole-tree clustering (NRI) to
tip-clustering (NTI) 85
phylogenies 84–5
serious caveats necessary 84–5
species composition, pools and samples 83
six potential levels 83, 84
towards predicting tropical clade composition
91–2
phylogenetic approach to ecological
prediction 91
pioneer species 5, 132, 133, 205
can shed/avoid lianas 203
challenges to maintaining population in mature
forests 243
diversity maintained by resource partitioning 200
escaping seed limitation probably rare 250
exotic, in early stages of succession 388