Adorno

Notes to pp. 169–174 523

installed as guards, a brutal reign of terror began. See Wolfgang Benz,
Hermann Graml and Hermann Weiß, Enzyklopädie des Nationalsozialismus,
p. 284ff.
3 Adorno, Minima Moralia, p. 104.
4 Ibid., p. 33.
5 Ibid. Cf. also Adorno, ‘Frage an die intellektuelle Emigration’ (1945), GS,
vol. 20.1, p. 352ff.
6 Adorno and Mann, Briefwechsel 1943–1955, p. 49.
7 Adorno, Minima Moralia, p. 26.
8 Adorno and Mann, Briefwechsel 1943–1955, p. 82.
9 Adorno, Minima Moralia, p. 87.
10 ‘Existential outsiders... are those who have been destined from birth
to be outsiders.’ The intentional outsiders are deliberate outsiders, ‘trans-
gressors. Anyone who crosses a frontier stands on the outside’ (Hans
Mayer, Wir Außenseiter, p. 16f.). Cf. also Hans Mayer, Außenseiter.
11 Adorno, Minima Moralia, pp. 27–8.
12 See Dirk Auer, ‘Paria wider Willen: Adornos und Arendts Reflexionen auf
den Ort des Intellektuellen’.
13 Adorno, Minima Moralia, p. 80.
14 Ibid., p. 33.
15 Ibid.
16 The family’s finances had been exhausted by the economic difficulties
experienced by Oscar Wiesengrund in managing his wine-merchant’s
business in National Socialist Germany. Wiesengrund had evidently suc-
ceeded in moving part of his assets to bank accounts abroad before his own
emigration. When he left Germany, he was also able to take with him a
small proportion of the sums he had raised by selling real estate. At an
advanced age Adorno’s parents emigrated via Cuba to the United States,
where they were obliged to live from what remained of their assets.
17 See Stefan Müller-Doohm, Die Soziologie Theodor W. Adornos, as well as
Stefan Müller-Doohm, ‘Theodor W. Adorno’, pp. 51–71.

Chapter 11 Adorno’s Reluctant Emigration

1 See Detlev Peukert, Die Weimarer Republik; cf. Michael Burleigh, The

Third Reich, p. 178ff.

2 Peter von Haselberg, ‘Wiesengrund-Adorno’, pp. 15 and 20.

3 Hans Mayer, who was in close touch with Horkheimer, comments on his

clear-sightedness on political matters. According to Mayer he asked the

right questions at the right time about the crisis of Weimar democracy.

He was not satisfied with the simplistic interpretations of the left-wing

parties: ‘Horkheimer wanted to know the score. He and his associates were

dispossessed by the Aryan legislation. The Jewish and obviously Marxist

professor for social philosophy was instantly relieved of his post. Later, in

Montagnola, he would talk about those days in March 1933. At the time,

Adorno wanted them to remain in Germany to provide intellectual con-

traband with the help of the so-called slave language and with constant

friends. Horkheimer’s response was that they had to leave the country as

quickly as possible! He was the son of an industrialist and, as a practical