Notes to pp. 259–264 549to Horkheimer traced its lineage back to Descartes’ rational model
of knowledge and which continued down to the present in the form of
scientific theory. On the other hand stood “critical” or “materialist” theory,
as developed by Karl Marx in the Critique of Political Economy, as a
mode of knowledge that comprehends both theory and practice’ (Wolfgang
Bonß, Die Einübung des Tatsachenblicks, p. 189).
99 See Horkheimer, ‘Diskussionen über die Differenz zwischen Positivismus
und materialistischer Dialektik’, GS, vol. 12, pp. 437ff. and 494ff.
100 Horkheimer, Briefwechsel, GS, vol. 16, p. 734.
101 Ibid., p. 745.
102 See Benjamin and Adorno, The Complete Correspondence 1928–1940,
p. 323f.
103 The present author learnt about this from Elisabeth Reinhuber-Adorno.
104 Benjamin, Gesammelte Briefe, vol. VI, pp. 335ff. and 341ff.
105 See Adrienne Monnier, Aufzeichnungen aus der Rue de l’Odéon, pp. 149ff.
and 243ff.
106 Horkheimer, Briefwechsel, GS, vol. 16, p. 764.
107 Ibid., p. 726. For Adorno’s use of the metaphor of the message in a bottle,
see The Philosophy of Modern Music, p. 133, where it is translated as a
‘surviving message of despair from the shipwrecked’.
108 See Studies in Philosophy and Social Science, VIII, 3, p. 413ff.; quoted in
Horkheimer, GS, vol. 2, p. 217ff.
109 Even before his internment in summer 1939, Benjamin had accepted
an invitation from Horkheimer and agreed to go to New York for an
extended stay. A visitor’s visa was already waiting for him in the American
consulate. Encouraged by Gretel, he had begun to take English lessons
in a small private circle. His fellow students included Hannah Arendt and
her future husband Heinrich Blücher – the couple lived quite close to
Benjamin. See Benjamin, Gesammelte Briefe, vol. VI, p. 379.
110 The photographer Henny Gurland was related through her second
husband, Raffael Gurland, to the economist Arkady R. L. Gurland, who
was for some time active in the institute in New York. Henny’s third
husband was Erich Fromm.
111 See Lisa Fittko, Mein Weg über die Pyrenäen: Erinnerungen 1940/41,
p. 130ff.
112 See Rolf Tiedemann, ‘Zeugnisse zur Entstehungsgeschichte’, in Benjamin,
GS, vol. V.2, p. 1183ff.
113 Benjamin and Adorno, The Complete Correspondence 1928–1940, p. 342.
114 See Adorno, ‘Zu Benjamins Gedächtnis’, GS, vol. 20.1, p. 170.
115 Adorno to Scholem, 19 November 1940, Frankfurter Adorno Blätter, V,
1998, p. 150ff.
116 Their last meeting lay two years in the past and had taken place on the
mole at San Remo. See Adorno, Interimsbescheid, GS, vol. 20.1, p. 186.
117 Adorno, ‘Erinnerungen’, GS, vol. 20.1, p. 178.
118 Adorno, ‘Zu Benjamins Gedächtnis’, GS, vol. 20.1, p. 169.
119 Adorno to Scholem, 19 November 1940, Frankfurter Adorno Blätter, V,
1998, p. 151.
120 Horkheimer, Briefwechsel, GS, vol. 16, p. 96.
121 See ZfS, IX, 1941, p. 121ff.; Horkheimer, ‘Zur Tätigkeit des Instituts:
Forschungsprojekt über Antisemitismus’, GS, vol. 4, p. 373ff.