safe havens for those made homeless by the war. NYT,4, 9 May, 6 Dec. 1915;
Schiff papers (JTS archives, Jerusalem), L. Marshall to Schiff, 20 Feb. 1915.
62.AJC archives, “Minutes of the Executive Committee,” 31 Aug., 7 Nov. 1914;
Cyrus Adler papers (JTS archives), L. Marshall to C. Adler, 2 Sept. 1914; reel
1977, Schiff to D. Bressler, 4 Oct. 1915, L. Marshall to Schiff, 9 Oct. 1915;
NYT,16 Nov. 1914.
63.Zosa Szajkowski, “Concord and Discord in American Jewish Overseas Relief,”
YIVO Annual of Jewish Social Science 14 (1969): 99—142; Melvin I. Urofsky,
American Zionism from Herzl to the Holocaust (Garden City, N.Y., 1975), pp.
168–69; Oscar Handlin, A Continuing Task (New York, 1964), ch. 2.
64.NYT,22 Dec. 1915; reel 694, Schiff to S. Wolf, 24 Dec. 1915.
65.Reel 680, CA MSS, pp. 1122–23; reel 691, Schiff to J. Magnes, 8 Mar. 1918;
reel 1978, Schiff to H. Bernstein, 8 June 1915, to M. Schiff, 15 Mar. 1915, H.
Bernstein to Schiff, 8 July 1915; reel 1979, C. Adler to Schiff, 23 June 1916;
reel 1984, Schiff to L. Harrison, 1 Feb. 1918; Schiff papers (JTS archives, Je-
rusalem), L. Marshall to Schiff, 15 Mar. 1915; NYT,30 Oct. 1914.
66.American Jewish Year Book 18 (1916–17): 9, 19 (1917–18): 202–4; reel 1977,
AJRC files; reel 1978, Schiff to M. Guggenheim, 13 Dec. 1915, J. Rosenwald
files; reel 1981, AJRC files; reel 1982, Jewish War Relief files, Jewish Welfare
Board files; reel 1985, J. Rosenwald file; NYT,22 Dec. 1916, 16 Apr., 21 Nov.,
3, 6, 13, 16 Dec. 1917; Jacob R. Marcus, United States Jewry, vol. 4 (Detroit,
1993), pp. 621–22.
67.Adler, Schiff, 2:281–83; the voluminous correspondence relating to relief and
the Jewish Welfare Board is found in reels 1977–84, files on AJRC, Jewish
Welfare Board, and Joint Distribution Committee for 1914–18. See also reel
1977, Schiff to C. Bernheimer, 27 May 1915, to J. Billikopf, 13 July 1915; reel
1978, Schiff to D. Goldberg, 18 Aug. 1915; reel 1981, Schiff to J. Billikopf, 16
July 1917; NYT,30 Oct. 1914, 22, 23 Nov. 1915, 19 Nov. 1917.
68.Schiff papers (JTS archives, Jerusalem), Schiff to L. Marshall, 5 Feb. 1915;
American Jewish Year Book 19 (1917–18): 451–58; reel 1978, L. Marshall to
Schiff, 30 Dec. 1915; NYT,29 Oct., 7 Dec. 1917; Adler, Schiff,2:282. At one
meeting of the relief campaign, Jews also asked Wilson, albeit in vain, to
broaden the scope of the Belgian Relief Committee to include Poland and
Lithuania.
69.American Jewish Year Book 19 (1917–18): 202; reel 697, statement by Schiff on
Jewish Relief Day, 20 Jan. 1916; reel 1977, Schiff to B. Richards, 18 Sept.
1914; AH, Nov. 10–Dec. 29, 1917; Curti, American Philanthropy Abroad, pp.
243–44; NYT,18 Feb. 1918; Arthur A. Goren, National Leadership in American
Jewish Life, Ninth Annual ... Feinberg Memorial Lecture, University of Cin-
cinnati, 8 Apr. 1986, pp. 19–20.
70.Urofsky, American Zionism, pp. 168–71; Melvin I. Urofsky and David W.
Levy, eds., Letters of Louis D. Brandeis, vol. 4 (Albany, 1975), pp. 205, 211–13,
234; reel 693, Schiff to L. Marshall, 28 Aug. 1914; reel 1977, W. Bryan to
Schiff, 28 Aug. 1914, Schiff to J. Magnes, 1 Nov. 1915; reel 1978, Schiff to J.
Rosenwald, 8 Feb. 1915; reel 1979, Schiff to C. Adler, 22 June 1916, to J.
Magnes, 24 Feb. 1916; Schiff papers (JTS archives, Jerusalem), L. Marshall to
Schiff, 3 Feb., 8 Mar. 1915, to W. Bryan, 8 Mar. 1915, Schiff to L. Marshall, 3292 Notes to Chapter 6