Udäyana (10th century)

Author of Nyäyakusumañjäli, a

celebrated text.

ud-bhava (‘appearance’)

This applies especially to the appear-

ance of Ÿiva from within the Ÿivaliöga

(Ÿivaliögodbhava, often represented in

art) or other objects. (See also LIŒGA(3).)

Uddälaka

A teacher identified in the Chäæõogya

Upani•adas the author of a new cos-

mology. His son ŸVETAKETU figures

prominently in the Upani•ads and the

Ÿathapatha Brähmaæa. His other son,

NACIKETAS, became famous for his dia-

logues with YAMA, as reported in the

Kaflha Upani•ad. Among his students

were YÄJÑA-VALKYA, ŸAUNAKAand Kahoda.

Uddhava

Kø•æa’s cousin, counsellor and friend,

mentioned in the Bhägavatam.

Uõipï

A city in Karæätaka state, headquarters

of the Madhva saƒpradäya(sect), seat

of its supreme pontiff. The change of

pontiff which takes place every twelve

years is a major occasion in Uõipï. (See

alsoVAIÆŒAVISM.)

Ugra-sena

King of Mathurä. He was deposed by

KAߟA, and reinstated by Kø•æa, who

killed Kaƒÿa.

Ujjainï (‘victorious’)

One of the seven ancient sacred cities, in

Central India, a Ÿiva sanctuary, the site

of the Amareÿvara LI¢GA(3). It is one of

the four places where the KUMBHAMELA

is celebrated every 12 years. It was the

capital of Vikramäditya, and famous

for its astronomical observatory. Hindu

astronomers use the longitude of Ujjainï

as their first meridian.

Ujjvala Nïlämaæi

(‘burning sapphire’)

The title of a celebrated work by

RÜPA GOSVÄMI, dealing with mä-

dhuryabhakti, the highest form of

devotion according to the GAU¥ÏYA

VAIÆŒAVAS.

Ul, alsoUl vinai

(Tamil, ‘fate’, ‘destiny’)

A major factor in Tamil folk religion,

addressed in the TIRUKKURAL as the

greatest power.

Umä (‘light’)

Another name for SATÏ, Ÿiva’s consort.

U

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