Handbook of Psychology, Volume 4: Experimental Psychology

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References 569

letter information and some sound information across the two
fixations. In addition, the predictability of a word within a
sentence context has an effect on the speed of word identifi-
cation, with predictable words processed faster than are
unpredictable words. The reasons for this are a matter of
debate. However, effects of context on word identification
are generally small, and much of the work on word percep-
tion suggests that visual information can be processed
quickly even without the aid of context. Thus, predictability
and other contextual factors may actually only play a limited
role in word processing in reading. More specifically, as
Balota et al. (1985) have shown, context primarily influences
the amount of information that may be extracted from the
parafovea and thus, more generally, context may become in-
creasingly important when visual information is poor.


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