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CHAPARRAL
Source: Larrea tridentata(Sesse & Moc ̧.
ex DC) Coville (Family Zygophyllaceae).
Common/vernacular names: Chaparral, cre-
osote bush, gobernadora, greasewood,
hediondilla.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Erect to prostrate evergreen shrub, 1–3 m high;
resinous, distinctively aromatic leaves, lance-
olate to curved, 18 mm long, 8.5 mm wide;
flowers solitary in axils, yellow, five-petaled,
twisted or propeller-like; 2.5 cm wide; domi-
nant shrub of desert scrub in much of the arid
western United States (southwest Utah to
California and Texas); also central Mexico.
Clones known to live 10,000þyears; longer
than any other plants (HICKMAN).Larreais
represented by five species (one North Ameri-
can; four South American); cytologically dis-
tinctL.tridentatapopulations in the Sonoran,
Chihuahuan, and Mojave deserts often consid-
ered conspecific with South AmericanL.di-
varicataCav.^1 Parts used are leaves and stems.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Lignans dominate chemistry of resin, stems,
and leaves, especially nordihydroguaiaretic
acid (NDGA), at 1.6–6.55%^2 and 10–15%
of the dried leaves;^3 plus dihydroguaia-
retic acid, mesodihydroguaiaretic acid, 3^0 -
methoxyisoguaiacin, 3^0 -demethoxyisoguaia-
174 Chaparral
