Leung's Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics

oil) is official in N.F., where it is simply

monographed as cinnamon oil; it is also offi-

cial in F.C.C. Sri Lankan cinnamon bark oil

and cinnamon leaf oil (both Sri Lankan and

Seychelles types) are official in F.C.C.

Regulatory Status. Indonesia cassia or cin-

namon (C. burmanni), Sri Lankan (C. verum),

and Chinese or Vietnam (C. cassia) are GRAS

as spices, natural flavorings, and seasonings

(§182.10). Essential oils, solvent-free oleor-

esins, and natural extractives of the barks of

the same species are GRAS, while only those

of the leaves of Sri Lankan, Chinese, or Viet-

nam cinnamon are GRAS (§182.20). Both

cassia and cinnamon bark are subjects of

positive German therapeutic monographs in-

dicated for treatment of loss of appetite and

dyspeptic discomfort such as mild gastroin-

testinal spasms. Cinnamon flowers are the

subject of a neutral monograph, since efficacy

is not established, and risks (allergic skin

reactions and mucosal irritation) outweigh

benefits (BLUMENTHAL1).

REFERENCES

See the General References forARCTANDER;BLUMENTHAL1;DER MARDEROSIAN AND BEUTLER;DUKE2;

FURIA; GOSSELIN; GUENTHER; JIANGSU; KARRER; LIST AND HO ̈RHAMMER; MARTINDALE; RAVINDRAN;

ROSENGARTEN;TERRELL;UPHOF.

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2. J. M. Schulz and K. Herrmann, Z.
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3. A. Isogai et al.,Agric. Biol. Chem., 41 ,
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4. Y. S. Lewis et al.,Curr. Sci., 46 , 832
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8. J. S. Chou,T’ ai-wan Ko Hsueh, 31 (2), 8
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9. A. Herisset et al.,Plant. Med. Phytother.,
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10. A. Bhramaramba and G. S. Sidhu,
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11. Y. Shiraga et al.,Tetrahedron, 44 , 4703
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12. T. Nohara et al.,Tetrahedron Lett., 21 ,
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13. T. Nohara et al.,Chem. Pharm. Bull., 28 ,
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15. Y. Mino and N. Ota,Chem. Pharm. Bull.,
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16. J. M. Quale et al.,Am. J. Chin. Med., 24 ,
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17. S. C. Chao et al.,J. Essent. Oil Res., 12 ,
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18. F. Kiuchi et al.,Jpn.J. Pharmacogn., 43 ,
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19. C. L. Broadhurst et al.,J. Agric. Food
    Chem., 48 , 849 (2000).


20. R. Anderson et al.,J. Agric. Food Chem.,
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21. L. F. Berrio et al.,Horm. Res., 37 , 225
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22. J. Imparl-Radosevich et al.,Horm. Res.,
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23. K. J. Jarvill-Taylor et al.,J. Am. Coll.
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24. J. N. Dhuley,Indian J. Exp. Biol., 37 , 238
    (1999).


25. A. H. Atta and A. Alkofahi, J.
    Ethnopharmacol., 60 , 117 (1998).

200 Cinnamon (and cassia)