Leung's Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics

REFERENCES

See the General References forARCTANDER;DER MARDEROSIAN AND BEUTLER;FEMA;GUENTHER;MASADA;

MCGUFFIN1&2;ROSE;TERRELL;UPHOF.

1. W. D. Fordham in L. W. Codd et al., eds.,
   Chemical Technology: An Encyclopedic
   Treatment, Vol. 5, Barnes & Noble,
   New York, 1972, p. 1.


2. R. O. B. Wijesekera et al., Phyto-
   chemistry, 12 , 2697 (1973).


3. E. Guenther,Am. Perfum. Cosmet., 83 ,57
   (1968).


4. B. C. Gulati and Sadgopal,Indian Oil
   Soap J., 37 , 305 (1972).


5. T. K. Razdan and G. L. Koul,Indian
   Chem. J., 8 , 27 (1973).


6. H. S. Singh et al.,Indian Perfum., 20 (1B),
   77 (1976).


7. B. L. Kaul et al.,Indian J. Pharm., 39 ,42
   (1977).


8. B. M. Lawrence,Perfum. Flav., 2 (2), 3
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9. R. M. Ideda et al.,J. Food Sci., 27 , 455
   (1962).


10. V. S. Mahalwal and M. Ali,Flav. Fragr.
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11. V. G. de Billerbeck et al., Can. J.
    Microbiol., 47 , 9 (2001).


12. K. K. Aggarwal et al.,J. Med. Aromatic
    Plant Sci., 22 (1B), 544 (2000).


13. A. Dikshit et al.,Fitoterapia, 55 , 171
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14. C. K. Kokate and K. C. Varma,Sci. Cult.,
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15. B. G. V. N. Rao and P. L. Joseph,Riechst.,
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CIVET

Source: Viverra civettaSchreber (syn.Ci-

vettictiscivettaSchreber),V.zibethaL.,and

other related species (Family Viverridae).

Common/vernacular names: African civet

(V. civetta), large Indian civet (V. zibetha),

and zibeth.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Civets, also known as civet cats, are not related

to cats and have shorter legs and longer muz-

zles than do cats. Both the African civet and

the large Indian civet have gray coats with

black markings, erectile manes, and short

tails; their overall length is about 1.2 m.1–3

Part used is the secretion from their anal

glands, which is called civet and is collected

by curetting (scraping) the glands with a wood

or horn spatula at regular intervals (about once

a week for the African civet and two to three

times a week for the Indian civet). The civet

cats are raised in captivity for this purpose

(JIANGSU).^4 A concrete is prepared from crude

civet by extracting with hydrocarbons; from

this, the absolute is obtained by alcohol ex-

traction. Major suppliers of crude civet are

African countries (primarily Ethiopia but also

Belgian Congo, Kenya, etc.); minor suppliers

include India, Indonesia, Malaya, and China

(ARCTANDER;JIANGSU).^4

Civet 203