Teaching Critical Thinking in Psychology: A Handbook of Best Practices

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Joseph A. Mayo


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The broad range of bipolar meaning dimensions inherent in the subject matter of other


psychology courses makes the RGT a promising heuristic tool across the undergraduate


psychology curriculum. Repertory grid is especially well suited to those undergraduate


courses, such as personality theories, where a list of bipolar constructs (e.g., rationality–


irrationality and proactivity–reactivity) forms an integral part of available texts (e.g., Hjelle &


Ziegler, 1992) and/or may be easily formulated by instructors, students, or both.


Accurately assessing students’ conceptual systems is often difficult, time-consuming,


and limited in scope (Fetherstonhaugh & Treagust, 1992). As a means for teachers to


address these concerns, a well-conceived rubric built around the RGT can effectively com-


municate assessment criteria to students. A teacher can use such a rubric to more clearly


articulate behavioral expectations, formative feedback, and the strengths and weaknesses


of students’ work (Allen, 2004).


Computer applications of the RGT are also available for classroom use in eliciting and


assessing students’ rating grids. After teaching students how to enter their own rating-grid


data by means of user-friendly computer programs, computerized grid analysis may be


used by teachers and learners alike to gain additional insights into students’ conceptual


systems—particularly in the absence of written and/or oral justifications of construct


ratings. One such computer program is WebGrid III (Gaines & Shaw, 2005), a cost-free,


web-based implementation of the RGT. Using a sample grid associated with contributors


to the early decades of scientific psychology (completed for extra credit by a student in my


historical foundations of psychology colloquium), I will demonstrate the outcomes of


webGrid III grid elicitation and interpretation. Since this example involves eight bipolar


constructs on which eight contributors (elements) are rated on 11-point continua, Figure 11.1


illustrates an 8 × 8 × 11 rating-grid display.


Using the data set depicted in Figure 11.1, WebGrid III permits different grid-analysis


possibilities, obtained from both cluster analysis and principal-components analysis


procedures. As shown in Figure 11.2, the cluster-analysis technique (named FOCUS


Abraham Maslow


Max Wertheimer


B. F. Skinner


John B. Watson


major–minor contribution


verity–falsity


utility–purity


free will–determinism


nolism–elementalism


subjectivism–objectivism


nature–nurture


mind–body


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10


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Ivan Pavlov


Sigmund Freud


William James


Wilhelm Wundt


Figure 11.1. Sample WebGrid III Data Display. From Gaines, B. R., & Shaw, M. L. G. (2005).


WebGrid III [Computer program]. Alberta, Canada: Knowledge Science Institute. Available at the


following URL: http://tiger.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/.

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