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Journal9 (1978), 98–112.Mary Elaine HeglandNorth AfricaAlthough the Arab and Muslim cultural tradition
of generous hospitality has long been recognized in
literature on the Middle East and North Africa, the
gendered nature of serving and attending to guests
and the central role that North African women play
in maintaining the family’s status through their
hospitality rituals has only recently received sig-
nificant scholarly attention. Arab and Beduin tra-
ditions of generously providing food, drink, and
accommodation to parched and lost visitors are
documented in travelers’ reports to the region as
long ago as the Roman era, and even earlier. Such
hospitality was not merely customary generosity,
however, but a critical component of survival in
nomadic society. Should members of the tribe
become lost or injured in the harsh desert, they
could count upon the hospitality of a nearby group
to nurse them back to health. With the arrival of
Islam, Arab values of generosity and hospitality
became incorporated into religious tradition. Num-
erous verses in the Qur±àn, such as Sura 107 (al-
Mà±ùn, Neighborly Assistance), as well as various
™adìthemphasize the importance of generously
sharing one’s wealth, food, and possessions with
guests, the needy, and the community.
As Arab culture and Islam spread – first to the
cities of the Arabian Peninsula and then throughout
the Middle East and North Africa – lavish hospi-
tality became not merely a form of aid to travelers